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ICRP Glossary

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[[File:Glossary Header-left2.png|800px|frameless|leftnone|link=ICRP Glossary]]
The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. Some entries include historical descriptions to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.
It is a living document, updated regularly.
Many ICRP publications feature their own glossaries including, for example, highly specialized terms relevant to that specific publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing new terms to be added to the ICRP Glossary.
    The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. It is a living document, updated regularly. Each entry shows the date it was last updated, and some include past glossary entries to help readers better understand the term in a particular context. Many ICRP publications have included their own glossaries. The ICRP Glossary includes most of the terms in these other glossaries, many with updated entries. ICRP publications will continue to have their own glossaries when necessary, for example for highly specialized terms relevant to a single publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing a new term which would also be added to the ICRP Glossary. Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in [[ICRP publications. The ICRP Glossary shown here comprises some 400 terms. Entries for an additional approximately 400 terms are being added progressively]].
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{| class="wikitable"
|-
| [[#09|0-9]] || [[#A|A]] || [[#B|B]] || [[#C|C]]|| [[#D|D]] || [[#E|E]] || [[#F|F]] || [[#G|G]] || [[#H|H]] || [[#I|I]] || [[#J|J]] || [[#K|K]] || [[#L|L]] || [[#M|M]] ||[[#N|N]] || [[#O|O]] || [[#P|P]] || [[#Q|Q]] || [[#R|R]] || [[#S|S]] || [[#T|T]] || [[#U|U]] || [[#V|V]] || [[#W|W]] || [[#X|X]] || [[#Y|Y]] || [[#Z|Z]] || [[#ZZ|...]]
|}
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
 
=== <big><span id="09">0-9</span></big> ===
 
*4DCT (see [[Time-resolved computed tomography]])
=== <big><span id="A">A</span></big> ===
*[[Absolute risk]]
 
*[[Absorbed dose]], D
 
*[[Absorbed fraction]]
 
*[[Absorption]]
*[[Accelerated fractionation]]
*[[Acceptance test]]
*[[Access Controlcontrol]]
*[[Accountability]]
 
*[[Accreditation]]
*[[Action Level]]
 
*[[Activation]]
 
*[[Active detection system]]
*[[Active (red) bone marrow]]
 
*[[Activity]]
*[[Activity median thermodynamic diameter]]
*[[Acute Exposureexposure]] *Acute radiation sickness (see [[Acute radiation syndrome]])
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]
 
*[[Additional dose]]
*[[Adaptive response]]
*[[Additive risk projection model]]
 
*[[Adenoma]]
*[[Adventitious]]
*[[Adventitious Sourcesource]]
*[[Aerodynamic diameter ]]
*[[Air-kerma rate constant ]] *[[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]]
*[[Air-kerma, entrance surface]]
*[[Air-kerma, product]]
 
*[[ALARA]]
 
*ALI (see [[Annual limit on intake]])
*[[Alimentary tract]]
*[[Alimentary tract transfer factor]]
 
*[[Allometry]]
*[[Alpha decay]]
*[[α/β ratioAlveolar-interstitial region]] *AMAD (see [[Activity median aerodynamic diameter]])
*[[Alveolar-interstitial regionAmbient dose equivalent]], H*(10) *[[AML/eto]]
*[[Angiogenesis]]
*[[Annual dose]]
 
*[[Annual intake]]
 
*[[Annual limit on intake]]
 
*[[Apoptosis]]
*[[Area monitoring]]
 
*ARS (see [[Acute radiation syndrome]])
*[[Attributable risk]]
*[[Auger transition]]
*[[Authorised Dischargedischarge]]
*[[Authorization]]
*[[Autoimmune disease]]
 
*[[Automatic exposure control]]
*[[Autonomy]]
*[[Background dose (rate)]]
*[[Backscatter Factor detection system]] *[[Backscatter factor]]
*[[Basal cell]]
*[[Baseline disease rates]]
 
*BAT (see [[Best available techniques]])
 
*Bcr/abl (see [[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]])
*[[Beneficence]]
*[[Benthic]]
*[[Best Available Techniquesavailable techniques]]
*[[Beta-minus decay]]
*[[Bioassay]]
 
*[[Biological half-life]]
*[[Biomarker]]
*[[Bradycardia]]
 
*[[Brachytherapy]]
*[[Branching fraction]]
 
*[[Bragg peak]]
 
*[[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]]
 
*[[Broad beam therapy irradiation technique]]
*[[Bronchial region]]
 
*[[Bronchiolar region]]
*[[Bystander effect]]
=== <big><span id="C">C</span></big> ===
 
*CACA (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 
*CAFC (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 
*CBCT (see [[Cone beam computed tomography]])
*[[Cardiac arrhythmias]]
*[[Cardioverter-defibrillator]]
 
*[[Carers and comforters]]
*[[Case–control study]]
*[[Cell death]]
 
*[[Charged-particle equilibrium]]
*[[Chronic exposure]]
*[[Class SR-2 gases]]
 
*[[Clearance]]
*[[Clearance level]]
 
*[[Clinical audit]]
*[[Clonogenic cells]]
*[[Clonogenic survival]]
 
*[[Clonogenic surviving fraction]]
 
*Cobblestone area cell assay (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 
*[[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]]
 
*[[Collective dose]]
*[[Co-expertise]]
*[[Cohort study]]
 
*[[Collective dose]]
 
*[[Collective effective dose]]
 
*[[Collimation]]
*[[Colony]]
 
*[[Commissioning]]
*[[Committed effective dose]]
*[[Committed equivalent dose]]
 
*[[Compartment]]
 
*[[Compartment (environmental)]]
*[[Complex tissues]]
*[[Computed tomography dose index]]
 
*[[Concentration ratio]]
 
*[[Cone beam computed tomography]]
*[[Connective tissue]]
*[[Constancy test]]
 
*[[Containment]]
*[[Contamination]]
*[[Coronary heart disease]]
 
*[[Cosmic radiation]]
*[[Cost-benefit analysis]]
*[[Coster-Kronig transition]]
 
*CR (see [[Concentration ratio]])
 
*[[Cross section]]
 
*Cumulative air kerma (see [[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]])
 
*[[Cumulative dose]]
*[[Curie]]
=== <big><span id="D">D</span></big> ===
 
*DAC (see [[Derived air concentration]])
 
*DBT (see [[Digital breast tomosynthesis]])
 
*DCRL (see [[Derived consideration reference level]])
 
*DD (see [[Doubling dose]])
 
*DDI, detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]])
 
*DIL (see [[Derived investigation level]])
 
*DDREF (see [[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]])
*[[Decay constant]]
*[[Decontamination factor]]
 
*[[Dental and maxillofacial imaging]]
*[[Deontological Ethics]]
 
*[[Deposition]] (inhalation)
 
*[[Derived air concentration]]
 
*[[Derived consideration reference level]]
 
*[[Derived investigation level]]
 
*[[Derived limit]]
 
*[[Derived reference level]]
 
*[[Designated area]]
 
*Detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]])
 
*[[Detector quantum efficiency]]
*[[Deterministic effect]]
*[[Detriment-adjusted risk]]
 
*[[Diagnostic reference level]]
*[[Diastasis]]
*[[Differentiation]]
 
*[[Digital breast tomosynthesis]]
*[[Dignity]]
*[[Direct bioassay]]
 
*[[Directional dose equivalent]] H’(d,Ω)
*[[Disposal]]
*[[Disposal Facilityfacility]] *[[Distribution coefficient]] (''K<sub>d</sub>'') *DLP (see [[Dose-length product]])
*[[DNA damage signalling]]
*[[Dose]] (of ionising radiation) *[[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF)]] *[[Dose coefficient]] *[[Dose commitment]]
*[[Dose constraint]]
 
*[[Dose conversion coefficient]]
 
*[[Dose conversion convention]]
 
*[[Dose conversion factor]]
*[[Dose criteria]]
*[[Dose equivalent ]] in an organ or tissue]]
*[[Dose limit]]
*[[Dose Modifying Factormodifying factor]] *[[Dose of record (E)]] *[[Dose of record Hp (10)]] *[[Dose per content function]]
*[[Dose per unit intake coefficient]]
*[[Dose rate effectiveness factor]]
 
*[[Dose-length product]]
*[[Dose-threshold hypothesis]]
*[[Dose-rate effect]]
*[[Dose–response Dose-response function ]]
*[[Dose-threshold]]
*[[Doubling dose]]
 
*DQE (see [[Detector quantum efficiency]])
 
*DRL (see [[Diagnostic reference level]])
 
*[[DRL process]]
 
*[[DRL quantity]]
 
*[[DRL value]]
 
*[[DS02]]
 
*[[DS86]]
=== <big><span id="E">E</span></big> ===
 
*EAR (see [[Excess absolute risk]])
*[[Early normal tissue responses]]
*[[Effective charge number]]
 
*[[Effective dose]], E
*[[Effective dose equivalent]]
*[[Effective half-life]]
 
*EI (see [[Exposure index]])
*[[Electron-capture decay]]
*[[Elemental dose]]
 
*ELR (i.e. Excess Lifetime Risk, see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
*[[Emergency]]
*[[Emergency procedures]]
 
*[[Employer]]
*[[Endogeneous excretion]]
*Endosteal tissue (see [[Epigenetic effectsEndosteum]]) *[[Endosteum]]
*[[Environmental exposure]]
*[[Environmental radiation protection]]
 
*[[Epigenetic effects]]
*[[Epithelium]]
 
*[[Equieffective dose]]
 
*[[Equilibrium equivalent concentration]]
 
*[[Equilibrium factor]]
*[[Equity]]
*[[Equivalent dose]]
 
*ERR (see [[Excess relative risk]])
*[[Erythropoietin]]
*[[Ethics]]
 
*[[Evacuation]]
*[[Excess absolute risk]]
*Excess lifetime risk (see [[Excess lifetime Lifetime riskestimates]])
*[[Excess relative risk]]
*[[Excretion rate (instantaneous)]]
 
*[[Exclusion]]
*[[Exempt waste]]
*[[Existing exposure situation]]
 
*[[Exogenous excretion]]
 
*[[Expanded and aligned radiation field]]
 
*[[Expanded radiation field]]
*[[Exponential survival curve]]
 
*[[Exposed individuals]]
*[[Exposure, external or internal]]
*[[Exposure Pathway(in the context of inhalation)]] *[[Exposure index]] *[[Exposure pathway]]
*[[Exposure situation]]
*[[Flexible tissues]]
 
*[[Fluence]], Φ
*[[Fluoroscopically guided interventions]]
 
*[[Fluoroscopically or computed tomography guided interventions]]
*[[Forbiddenness]]
 
*[[Fractional absorption in the gastrointestinal tract]], f<sub>1</sub>
*[[Fractionation]]
 
*[[Fractionation and dose delivery patterns]]
*[[Fractionation sensitivity]]
 
*[[Frequent flyer]]
 
*FSU (see [[Functional subunits]])
 
*[[Functional subunits]]
=== <big><span id="G">G</span></big> ===
*[[Gastrointestinal syndrome]]
 
*[[Gastrulation]]
 
*[[Gastroschisis]]
 
*[[GATA binding protein 2]]
 
*GATA-2 (see [[GATA binding protein 2]])
*[[Genomic integrity]]
 
*Geomagnetic cut-off rigidity (see [[Rigidity threshold]])
*[[Graded approach]]
 
*[[Graft vs host disease]]
*[[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]
*[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]
 
*[[Gray]] (Gy)
 
*[[Ground-level enhancement]]
 
*[[Growth factor]]
*[[Growth fraction]]
*[[Half-life, physical]]
 
*HATM (see [[Human Alimentary Tract Model]])
*[[Hazard]]
*[[High level waste]]
 
*[[High linear energy transfer radiation]]
*[[Homologous recombination]]
*[[Hormones]]
*[[Hounsfield unit]] *HRTM (see [[Human respiratory tract modelRespiratory Tract Model]]) *[[Human Alimentary Tract Model]] *[[Human Respiratory Tract Model]]
*[[Hyperbaric oxygen]]
 
*[[Hyperfractionation]]
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
=== <big><span id="I">I</span></big> ===
 
*[[ICRU 4-element tissue]]
 
*[[ICRU sphere]]
*[[Immune system]]
 
*IMRT (see [[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]])
*[[In vivo radiobioassay]]
*[[Incidence]]
 
*Incidence rate (see [[Incidence]])
*[[Incident]]
*[[Induced genomic instability]]
*[[Informed Consentconsent]]
*[[Inhalability]]
*[[Institutional control]]
 
*[[Intervention]]
 
*[[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]]
 
*[[Intake]]
*[[Intermediate level waste]]
=== <big><span id="K">K</span></big> ===
 
*[[Kerma]], K
 
*[[Kerma approximation]]
*[[Kp index]]
=== <big><span id="L">L</span></big> ===
 
*[[Lag]]
*[[Late normal tissue responses]]
*[[LD 50/30|LD<sub>50/30</sub>]]
*LET (see [[Linear energy transfer]]) *[[Licensee]] *[[Life span studySpan Study]]
*[[Lifetime risk]]
*[[Lifetime risk estimateestimates]]
*[[Limitation of dose]]
*[[Linear dose response]]
 
*[[Linear energy transfer]]
*[[Linear-non-threshold model]]
*[[Linear-quadratic dose responsemodel]]
*LLE (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]]) *[[Local DRL]] *Loss of Life Expectancy(see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
*[[Low Earth orbit]]
*[[Low level waste]]
 
*[[Low linear energy transfer radiation]]
 
*LSS (see [[Life Span Study]])
*[[Lymphatic system]]
*[[Magnetosphere]]
 
*[[Marrow cellularity]]
 
*[[Mass median diameter]]
 
*MDCT (see [[Multi-detector computed tomography]])
 
*[[Mean glandular dose]]
 
*[[Measured quantity]]
*[[Medical exposure]]
*[[Mitigation]]
 
*MMD (see [[Mass median diameter]])
 
*[[Molecular imaging]]
 
*[[Multifactorial diseases]]
*[[Multiplicative risk projection model]]
*[[Multistage tumorigenesis]]
 
*[[Multitarget equation]]
 
*[[Multi-detector computed tomography]]
*[[Mutation component]]
=== <big><span id="N">N</span></big> ===
 
*[[National radon survey]]
 
*[[National DRL]]
*[[Naturally occurring radioactive material]]
*[[Neurovascular syndrome]]
 
*NHEJ (see [[Non-homologous end joining]])
 
*[[Noise]] (in imaging)
 
*[[Nominal value]]
*[[Nominal risk coefficient]]
*[[Normal tissue complication probability]]
 
*[[Notification value]] (in CT)
 
*[[Nuclear medicine]]
*[[Nuclear track detectors]]
=== <big><span id="O">O</span></big> ===
 
*OAR (see [[Organ at risk]])
 
*[[Occupancy factor]]
*[[Occupational exposure]]
 
*OEA (see [[Oxygen enhancement ratio]])
 
*[[OLINDA/EXM]]
*[[Oncogene]]
 
*[[Operating management]]
 
*[[Operational quantity]]
*[[Optimisation]]
 
*[[Optimisation of protection]]
 
*Organ absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])
 
*[[Organ at risk]]
 
*[[Organ dose equivalent]]
 
*[[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]]
 
*[[Other (systemic) tissues]]
*[[Orphan source]]
*[[Oversight]]
 
*[[Oxygen enhancement ratio]]
=== <big><span id="P">P</span></big> ===
 
*Particle fluence (see [[Fluence]])
 
*[[Particle transport]] (in biokinetics)
*[[Particle radiance]]
*[[Pelagic]]
 
*[[Pencil beam]]
*[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]
*[[Pericarditis]]
 
*[[Personal dose equivalent]], H<sub>p</sub>(d)
 
*[[Phantom]]
*[[Pharynx]]
 
*[[Pilomatricoma]]
*[[Planned exposure situation]]
*[[Platelet-derived growth factor]]
 
*PLDR (see [[Potentially lethal damage repair]])
*[[Pooled analysis]]
*[[Population risk]]
 
*[[Potential alpha energy concentration]]
*[[Potential exposure]]
 
*[[Potential recoverability correction factor]]
*[[Potentially lethal damage repair]]
*[[Practical radiological protection culture]]
 
*[[Practice]]
 
*PRCF (see [[Potential recoverability correction factor]])
*[[Prevailing circumstances]]
*[[Principle of optimisation]]
 
*[[Principles of protection]]
*[[Procedural values]]
*[[Projected dose]]
 
*[[Protection quantities]]
*[[Protection strategy]]
*[[Qualified expert]]
 
*[[Quality control testing]] (x-ray equipment)
 
*[[Quality factor]], Q(L)
*[[Quasi-threshold dose]]
*[[Radiation belt]]
*Radiation detriment (see [[Radiation detrimentDetriment]])
*[[Radiation modifier]]
*[[Radiation safety officer]]
*[[Radiation Sourcesource]] *[[Radiation weighting factor]], w<sub>R</sub> *[[Radiation-induced second cancer]] *[[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]]
*[[Radiation worker]]
*[[Radioactive substance]]
 
*[[Radioactive waste]]
*[[Radioactivity]]
*[[Radiographer]]
*[[Radiological Controlled Areaattack]] *[[Radiological controlled area]]
*[[Radiological protection principles]]
*[[Radiosensitivity, cellular]]
 
*[[Radon progeny]]
 
*[[Radon-prone area]]
 
*RAP (see [[Reference Animal and Plant]])
 
*[[Ras]]
 
*[[Rb]]
 
*RBE (see [[Relative biological effectiveness]])
*[[Reactive oxygen species]]
*[[Recovery (cellular or tissue)]]
 
*[[Redox]]
 
*[[Reference air kerma]]
*[[Reference Animal and Plant]]
*[[Reference biokinetic model]]
 
*[[Referrer]]
 
*Reference female (see [[Reference Person]])
 
*[[Reference individual]]
*[[Reference level]]
 
*Reference male (see [[Reference Person]])
 
*[[Reference parameter value]]
 
*[[Reference Person]]
 
*[[Reference phantom]]
 
*[[Reference value]]
 
*[[Reference worker]]
 
*[[Region]]
 
*[[Regional diagnostic reference levels]]
 
*[[Registry]]
 
*REID (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
 
*[[Rigidity threshold]]
*[[Rehabilitation of living conditions]]
*[[Relative risk]]
 
*[[Relative survival]]
*[[Relocation]]
*[[Respiratory protection]]
 
*Response function (see [[Dose-response function]])
*[[Retrievability]]
*[[Risk model]]
*RISM (see [[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]]) *Risk of exposure-induced death(see (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]]) *ROS (see [[Reactive oxygen species]])
*[[Routine monitoring]]
 
*RR (see [[Relative risk]])
=== <big><span id="S">S</span></big> ===
 
*[[S coefficient (radiation weighted)]]
 
*SAF (see [[Specific absorbed fraction]])
*[[Safety case]]
 
*[[Safety]]
*[[Safety culture]]
*[[Scintigraphy]]
 
*[[Sealed source]]
 
*[[Secondary radiation]]
 
*[[Secretory cells]]
 
*[[Security]]
 
*[[Security screening]]
 
*SEE (see [[Specific effective energy]]]
*[[Self-help protection]]
*[[Severe deterministic injury]]
 
*[[Sheltering]]
 
*[[Shielding]]
 
*[[Sievert]] (Sv)
 
*[[Size-specific dose estimate]]
 
*SLDR (see [[Sublethal damage repair]])
 
*[[Slice]] (in CT & CBCT)
*[[Slow repair]]
 
*SOBP (see [[Spread-out Bragg peak]])
*[[Solar cosmic radiation]]
*[[Solar cycle]]
 
*[[Solar flare]]
*[[Solar particle event]]
*[[Somatic effect]]
 
*Source (see [[Radiation source]])
 
*[[Source region]]
*[[Source term]]
*[[Source-related]]
 
*[[Source-related assessment]]
*[[South Atlantic anomaly]]
*[[Special (non-routine) monitoring]]
 
*[[Specific absorbed fraction]]
 
*[[Specific effective energy]]
 
*[[Spongiosa]]
*[[Spontaneous fission]]
 
*[[Spread-out Bragg peak]]
*[[Stakeholder]]
 
*[[Standard-size adult]]
 
*[[Stem cell]]
*[[Stenosis]]
*[[Substantial radiation dose level]]
*[[Superposition principle]] (in dosimetry) *[[Supervised Areaarea]] *[[Surface contamination]]
*[[Systemic model]]
=== <big><span id="T">T</span></big> ===
 
*[[Tachycardia]]
*[[Telangiectasia]]
 
*[[Teratocarcinoma]]
 
*[[Thermodynamic diameter]]
 
*[[Thoracic airways]]
*[[Threshold dose for tissue reactions]]
 
*[[Threshold level]]
 
*Tissue absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])
 
*[[Thoron progeny]]
*[[Thyroid blocking]]
*[[Time factor]]
 
*[[Time-resolved computed tomography]]
*[[Tissue equivalent material]]
*[[Tolerability]]
 
*[[Tolerance dose]] (in Radiotherapy)
*[[Track structure]]
*[[Translocation]]
 
*[[Transmission detection system]]
*[[Transparency]]
 
*Transport of risk (see [[Transfer of risk]])
*[[Tumour suppressor gene]]
*[[Trapped particles]]
 
*[[Treatment preparation in radiotherapy]]
 
*[[Trophic level]]
*[[Types of materials]]
 
*[[Typical value]] (for DRL)
=== <big><span id="U">U</span></big> ===
 
*[[Unattached fraction]]
*[[Unsealed source]]
 
*[[Upper reference levels]]
 
*[[Uptake]]
*[[Utilitarian ethics]]
*[[Virtue ethics]]
 
*[[Voxel phantom]]
=== <big><span id="W">W</span></big> ===
*[[Waste disposal]]
 
*[[Waste management]]
*[[Wisdom]]
 
*WL (see [[Working level]])
 
*WLM (see [[Working level month]])
 
*[[Worker]]
 
*[[Working level]]
 
*[[Working level month]]
 
*w<sub>T</sub> (see [[Tissue weighting factor]])
 
*w<sub>R</sub> (see [[Radiation weighting factor]])
=== <big><span id="X">X</span></big> ===
=== <big><span id="ZZ">...</span></big> ===
*[[α/β value]]
*α/β ratio (see [[α/β value]])
*[[γH2AX foci]]
<div>