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(44) The system of radiological protection is based on solid scientific evidence; however, there are remaining uncertainties at low levels of exposure that necessitate value judgements. Decision making requires prudence as a central value. However, prudence should not be taken to be synonymous with conservatism or never taking risks. It describes the way in which decisions are made, and not solely the outcome of those decisions.
(45) It is worth noting that prudence appeared in the late 1950s ([[ICRP, 1959Publication 1]]) in the Commission’s recommendations in relation to the uncertainties related to stochastic effects. Since then, it has been constantly re-affirmed in relation to the linear no-threshold (LNT) model. Thus, in Publication 103, one can read: ‘The LNT model is not universally accepted as biological truth, but rather, because we do not actually know what level of risk is associated with very-low-dose exposure, it is considered to be a prudent judgement for public policy aimed at avoiding unnecessary risk from exposure’ ([[ICRP Publication 103]]).
(46) More specifically, the term ‘prudence’ is used explicitly in connection with the different types of effects of radiation exposure considered in the system.