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ICRP Glossary

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[[File:Glossary Header-left2.png|800px|frameless|~~left~~none|link=ICRP Glossary]]

The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. Some entries include historical descriptions to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.

It is a living document, updated regularly.

Many ICRP publications feature their own glossaries including, for example, highly specialized terms relevant to that specific publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing new terms to be added to the ICRP Glossary.

The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. It is a living document, updated regularly. Each entry shows the date it was last updated, and some include past glossary entries to help readers better understand the term in a particular context. Many ICRP publications have included their own glossaries. The ICRP Glossary includes most of the terms in these other glossaries, many with updated entries. ICRP publications will continue to have their own glossaries when necessary, for example for highly specialized terms relevant to a single publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing a new term which would also be added to the ICRP Glossary. Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in [[ICRP publications. ~~The ICRP Glossary shown here comprises some 400 terms. Entries for an additional approximately 400 terms are being added progressively~~]].

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{| class="wikitable"

|-

| [[#09|0-9]] || [[#A|A]] || [[#B|B]] || [[#C|C]]|| [[#D|D]] || [[#E|E]] || [[#F|F]] || [[#G|G]] || [[#H|H]] || [[#I|I]] || [[#J|J]] || [[#K|K]] || [[#L|L]] || [[#M|M]] ||[[#N|N]] || [[#O|O]] || [[#P|P]] || [[#Q|Q]] || [[#R|R]] || [[#S|S]] || [[#T|T]] || [[#U|U]] || [[#V|V]] || [[#W|W]] || [[#X|X]] || [[#Y|Y]] || [[#Z|Z]] || [[#ZZ|...]]

|}

=== <big>0-9</big> ===

*4DCT (see [[Time-resolved computed tomography]])

=== <big>A</big> ===

*[[Absolute risk]]

*[[Absorbed dose]], D

*[[Absorbed fraction]]

*[[Absorption]]

*[[Accelerated fractionation]]

*[[Accountability]]

*[[Accreditation]]

*[[Action Level]]

*[[Activation]]

*[[Active detection system]]

*[[Active (red) bone marrow]]

*[[Activity]]

*[[Activity median thermodynamic diameter]]

*[[Acute exposure]]

*Acute radiation sickness (see *[[Acute radiation syndrome]])

*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]

*[[Additional dose]]

*[[Adaptive response]]

*[[Additive risk projection model]]

*[[Adenoma]]

*[[Adventitious]]

*[[Aerodynamic diameter ]]

*[[Air-kerma rate constant ]] *[[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]]

*[[Air-kerma, entrance surface]]

*[[Air-kerma, product]]

*[[ALARA]]

*ALI (see [[Annual limit on intake]])

*[[Alimentary tract]]

*[[Alimentary tract transfer factor]]

*[[Allometry]]

*[[Alpha decay]]

*[[Alveolar-interstitial region]]

*AMAD (see [[Activity median aerodynamic diameter]])

*[[Ambient dose equivalent]], H*(10)

*[[AML/eto]]

*[[Angiogenesis]]

*[[Annual dose]]

*[[Annual intake]]

*[[Annual limit on intake]]

*[[Apoptosis]]

*[[Area monitoring]]

*[[Autoimmune disease]]

*[[Automatic exposure control]]

*[[Autonomy]]

*[[Background dose (rate)]]

*[[Backscatter detection system]]

*[[Backscatter factor]]

*BAT (see [[Best available techniques]])

*Bcr/abl (see [[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]])

*[[Beneficence]]

*[[Bioassay]]

*[[Biological half-life]]

*[[Biomarker]]

*[[Bradycardia]]

*[[Brachytherapy]]

*[[Branching fraction]]

*[[Bragg peak]]

*[[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]]

*[[Broad beam therapy irradiation technique]]

*[[Bronchial region]]

*[[Bronchiolar region]]

*[[Bystander effect]]

=== <big>C</big> ===

*CACA (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])

*CAFC (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])

*CBCT (see [[Cone beam computed tomography]])

*[[Cardiac arrhythmias]]

*[[Cardioverter-defibrillator]]

*[[Carers and comforters]]

*[[Case–control study]]

*[[Cell death]]

*[[Charged-particle equilibrium]]

*[[Chronic exposure]]

*[[Class SR-2 gases]]

*[[Clearance]]

*[[Clearance level]]

*[[Clinical audit]]

*[[Clonogenic cells]]

*[[Clonogenic survival]]

*[[Clonogenic surviving fraction]]

*Cobblestone area cell assay (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])

*[[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]]

*[[Collective dose]]

*[[Co-expertise]]

*[[Cohort study]]

*[[Collective dose]]

*[[Collective effective dose]]

*[[Collimation]]

*[[Colony]]

*[[Commissioning]]

*[[Committed effective dose]]

*[[Committed equivalent dose]]

*[[Compartment]]

*[[Compartment (environmental)]]

*[[Complex tissues]]

*[[Computed tomography dose index]]

*[[Concentration ratio]]

*[[Cone beam computed tomography]]

*[[Connective tissue]]

*[[Constancy test]]

*[[Containment]]

*[[Contamination]]

*[[Coronary heart disease]]

*[[Cosmic radiation]]

*[[Cost-benefit analysis]]

*[[Coster-Kronig transition]]

*CR (see [[Concentration ratio]])

*[[Cross section]]

*Cumulative air kerma (see [[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]])

*[[Cumulative dose]]

*[[Curie]]

=== <big>D</big> ===

*DD DAC (see [[~~Doubling dose)~~Derived air concentration]])

*DBT (see [[Digital breast tomosynthesis]]) *DCRL (see [[Derived consideration reference level]]) *DD (see [[Doubling dose]]) *DDI, detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]]) *DIL (see [[Derived investigation level]]) *DDREF (see [[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor)]])

*[[Decay constant]]

*[[Decontamination factor]]

*[[Dental and maxillofacial imaging]]

*[[Deontological Ethics]]

*[[Deposition]] (inhalation)

*[[Derived air concentration]]

*[[Derived consideration reference level]]

*[[Derived investigation level]]

*[[Derived limit]]

*[[Derived reference level]]

*[[Designated area]]

*Detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]])

*[[Detector quantum eﬃciency]]

*[[Deterministic effect]]

*[[Detriment-adjusted risk]]

*[[Diagnostic reference level]]

*[[Diastasis]]

*[[Differentiation]]

*[[Digital breast tomosynthesis]]

*[[Dignity]]

*[[Direct bioassay]]

*[[Directional dose equivalent]] H’(d,Ω)

*[[Disposal]]

*[[Disposal facility]]

*[[Distribution coefficient]] (''Kd'')

*DLP (see [[Dose-length product]])

*[[DNA damage signalling]]

*[[Dose]] (of ionising radiation)

*[[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]]

*[[Dose coefficient]]

*[[Dose commitment]]

*[[Dose constraint]]

*[[Dose conversion coefficient]]

*[[Dose conversion convention]]

*[[Dose conversion factor]]

*[[Dose criteria]]

*[[Dose equivalent ]] in an organ or tissue]]

*[[Dose limit]]

*[[Dose modifying factor]]

*[[Dose of record (E)]]

*[[Dose of record Hp (10)]]

*[[Dose per content function]]

*[[Dose per unit intake coefficient]]

*[[Dose rate effectiveness factor]]

*[[Dose-length product]]

*[[Dose-threshold hypothesis]]

*[[Dose-rate effect]]

*[[~~Dose–response~~ Dose-response function ]]

*[[Dose-threshold]]

*[[Doubling dose]]

*DQE (see [[Detector quantum eﬃciency]])

*DRL (see [[Diagnostic reference level]])

*[[DRL process]]

*[[DRL quantity]]

*[[DRL value]]

*[[DS02]]

*[[DS86]]

=== <big>E</big> ===

*EAR (see [[Excess absolute risk]])

*[[Early normal tissue responses]]

*[[Effective charge number]]

*[[Effective dose]], E

*[[Effective dose equivalent]]

*[[Effective half-life]]

*EI (see [[Exposure index]])

*[[Electron-capture decay]]

*[[Elemental dose]]

*ELR (i.e. Excess Lifetime Risk, see *[[~~Excess lifetime~~ Lifetime riskestimates]])

*[[Emergency]]

*[[Emergency procedures]]

*[[Employer]]

*[[Endogeneous excretion]]

*Endosteal tissue (see [[~~Epigenetic effects~~Endosteum]]) *[[Endosteum]]

*[[Environmental exposure]]

*[[Environmental radiation protection]]

*[[Epigenetic effects]]

*[[Epithelium]]

*[[Equieffective dose]]

*[[Equilibrium equivalent concentration]]

*[[Equilibrium factor]]

*[[Equity]]

*[[Equivalent dose]]

*ERR (see [[Excess relative risk]])

*[[Erythropoietin]]

*[[Ethics]]

*[[Evacuation]]

*[[Excess absolute risk]]

*Excess lifetime risk (see [[~~Excess lifetime~~ Lifetime riskestimates]])

*[[Excess relative risk]]

*[[Excretion rate (instantaneous)]]

*[[Exclusion]]

*[[Exempt waste]]

*[[Existing exposure situation]]

*[[Exogenous excretion]]

*[[Expanded and aligned radiation field]]

*[[Expanded radiation field]]

*[[Exponential survival curve]]

*[[Exposed individuals]]

*[[Exposure, external or internal]]

*[[Exposure (in the context of inhalation)]]

*[[Exposure index]]

*[[Exposure pathway]]

*[[Flexible tissues]]

*[[Fluence]], Φ

*[[Fluoroscopically guided interventions]]

*[[Fluoroscopically or computed tomography guided interventions]]

*[[Forbiddenness]]

*[[Fractional absorption in the gastrointestinal tract]], f1

*[[Fractionation]]

*[[Fractionation and dose delivery patterns]]

*[[Fractionation sensitivity]]

*[[Frequent flyer]]

*FSU (see [[Functional subunits]])

*[[Functional subunits]]

=== <big>G</big> ===

*[[Gastrointestinal syndrome]]

*[[Gastrulation]]

*[[Gastroschisis]]

*[[GATA binding protein 2]]

*GATA-2 (see [[GATA binding protein 2]])

*[[Genomic integrity]]

*Geomagnetic cut-off rigidity (see [[Rigidity threshold]])

*[[Graded approach]]

*[[Graft vs host disease]]

*[[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]

*[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]

*[[Gray]] (Gy)

*[[Ground-level enhancement]]

*[[Growth factor]]

*[[Growth fraction]]

*[[Half-life, physical]]

*HATM (see [[Human Alimentary Tract Model]])

*[[Hazard]]

*[[High level waste]]

*[[High linear energy transfer radiation]]

*[[Homologous recombination]]

*[[Hormones]]

*[[Hounsﬁeld unit]] *HRTM (see [[Human ~~respiratory tract model~~Respiratory Tract Model]]) *[[Human Alimentary Tract Model]] *[[Human Respiratory Tract Model]]

*[[Hyperbaric oxygen]]

*[[Hyperfractionation]]

*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]

=== <big>I</big> ===

*[[ICRU 4-element tissue]]

*[[ICRU sphere]]

*[[Immune system]]

*IMRT (see [[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]])

*[[In vivo radiobioassay]]

*[[Institutional control]]

*[[Intervention]]

*[[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]]

*[[Intake]]

*[[Intermediate level waste]]

=== <big>K</big> ===

*[[Kerma]], K

*[[Kerma approximation]]

*[[Kp index]]

=== <big>L</big> ===

*[[Lag]]

*[[Late normal tissue responses]]

*[[LD 50/30|LD50/30]]

*LET (see [[Linear energy transfer]]) *[[Licensee]] *[[Life ~~span study~~Span Study]]

*[[Lifetime risk]]

*[[Lifetime risk ~~estimate~~estimates]]

*[[Limitation of dose]]

*[[Linear dose response]]

*[[Linear energy transfer]]

*[[Linear-non-threshold model]]

*[[Linear-quadratic dose responsemodel]]

*LLE (see [[~~Loss of Life Expectancy~~Lifetime risk estimates]])

*[[Local DRL]] *Loss of Life Expectancy(see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])

*[[Low Earth orbit]]

*[[Low level waste]]

*[[Low linear energy transfer radiation]] *LSS (see [[Life ~~span study~~Span Study]])

*[[Lymphatic system]]

*[[Magnetosphere]]

*[[Marrow cellularity]]

*[[Mass median diameter]]

*MDCT (see [[Multi-detector computed tomography]])

*[[Mean glandular dose]]

*[[Measured quantity]]

*[[Medical exposure]]

*[[Mitigation]]

*MMD (see [[Mass median diameter]])

*[[Molecular imaging]]

*[[Multifactorial diseases]]

*[[Multiplicative risk projection model]]

*[[Multistage tumorigenesis]]

*[[Multitarget equation]]

*[[Multi-detector computed tomography]]

*[[Mutation component]]

=== <big>N</big> ===

*[[National radon survey]]

*[[National DRL]]

*[[Naturally occurring radioactive material]]

*NHEJ (see [[Non-homologous end joining]])

*[[Noise]] (in imaging)

*[[Nominal value]]

*[[Nominal risk coefficient]]

*[[Normal tissue complication probability]]

*[[Notiﬁcation value]] (in CT)

*[[Nuclear medicine]]

*[[Nuclear track detectors]]

=== <big>O</big> ===

*OAR (see [[Organ at risk]])

*[[Occupancy factor]]

*[[Occupational exposure]]

*OEA (see [[Oxygen enhancement ratio]])

*[[OLINDA/EXM]]

*[[Oncogene]]

*[[Operating management]]

*[[Operational quantity]]

*[[Optimisation]]

*[[Optimisation of protection]]

*Organ absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])

*[[Organ at risk]]

*[[Organ dose equivalent]]

*[[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]]

*[[Other (systemic) tissues]]

*[[Orphan source]]

*[[Oversight]]

*[[Oxygen enhancement ratio]]

=== <big>P</big> ===

*Particle fluence (see [[Fluence]])

*[[Particle transport]] (in biokinetics)

*[[Particle radiance]]

*[[Pelagic]]

*[[Pencil beam]]

*[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]

*[[Pericarditis]]

*[[Personal dose equivalent]], Hp(d)

*[[Phantom]]

*[[Pharynx]]

*[[Pilomatricoma]]

*[[Planned exposure situation]]

*[[Population risk]]

*[[Potential alpha energy concentration]]

*[[Potential exposure]]

*[[Potential recoverability correction factor]]

*[[Potentially lethal damage repair]]

*[[Practical radiological protection culture]]

*[[Practice]]

*PRCF (see [[Potential recoverability correction factor]])

*[[Prevailing circumstances]]

*[[Principle of optimisation]]

*[[Principles of protection]]

*[[Procedural values]]

*[[Projected dose]]

*[[Protection quantities]]

*[[Protection strategy]]

*[[Qualified expert]]

*[[Quality control testing]] (x-ray equipment)

*[[Quality factor]], Q(L)

*[[Quasi-threshold dose]]

*[[Radiation safety officer]]

*[[Radiation ~~Source~~source]] *[[Radiation weighting factor]], wR *[[Radiation-induced second cancer]] *[[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]]

*[[Radiation worker]]

*[[Radioactive substance]]

*[[Radioactive waste]]

*[[Radioactivity]]

*[[Radiographer]]

*[[Radiological attack]]

*[[Radiological controlled area]]

*[[Radiosensitivity, cellular]]

*[[Radon progeny]]

*[[Radon-prone area]]

*RAP (see [[Reference Animal and Plant]])

*[[Ras]]

*[[Rb]]

*RBE (see [[Relative biological effectiveness]])

*[[Recovery (cellular or tissue)]]

*[[Redox]]

*[[Reference air kerma]]

*[[Reference Animal and Plant]]

*[[Reference biokinetic model]]

*[[Referrer]]

*Reference female (see [[Reference Person]])

*[[Reference individual]]

*[[Reference level]]

*Reference male (see [[Reference Person]]) *[[Reference parameter value]] *[[Reference Person]] *[[Reference phantom]] *[[Reference value]] *[[Reference worker]] *[[Region]] *[[Regional diagnostic reference levels]] *[[Registry]] *REID (see [[~~Risk of exposure-induced death~~Lifetime risk estimates]]) *[[Rigidity threshold]]

*[[Rehabilitation of living conditions]]

*[[Relative risk]]

*[[Relative survival]]

*[[Relocation]]

*[[Respiratory protection]]

*Response function (see [[Dose-response function]])

*[[Retrievability]]

*[[Risk model]]

*RISM (see [[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]]) *Risk of exposure-induced death(see (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])

*ROS (see [[Reactive oxygen species]])

=== <big>S</big> ===

*[[S coefficient (radiation weighted)]]

*SAF (see [[Specific absorbed fraction]])

*[[Safety case]]

*[[Safety]]

*[[Safety culture]]

*[[Scintigraphy]]

*[[Sealed source]]

*[[Secondary radiation]]

*[[Secretory cells]]

*[[Security]]

*[[Security screening]]

*SEE (see [[Specific effective energy]]]

*[[Self-help protection]]

*[[Severe deterministic injury]]

*[[Sheltering]]

*[[Shielding]]

*[[Sievert]] (Sv)

*[[Size-speciﬁc dose estimate]]

*SLDR (see [[Sublethal damage repair]])

*[[Slice]] (in CT & CBCT)

*[[Slow repair]]

*SOBP (see [[Spread-out Bragg peak]])

*[[Solar cosmic radiation]]

*[[Solar cycle]]

*[[Solar flare]]

*[[Solar particle event]]

*[[Somatic effect]]

*Source (see [[Radiation source]])

*[[Source region]]

*[[Source term]]

*[[Source-related]]

*[[Source-related assessment]]

*[[South Atlantic anomaly]]

*[[Special (non-routine) monitoring]]

*[[Specific absorbed fraction]]

*[[Specific effective energy]]

*[[Spongiosa]]

*[[Spontaneous fission]]

*[[Spread-out Bragg peak]]

*[[Stakeholder]]

*[[Standard-size adult]]

*[[Stem cell]]

*[[Stenosis]]

*[[Substantial radiation dose level]]

*[[Superposition principle]] (in dosimetry)

*[[Supervised area]]

*[[Surface contamination]]

*[[Systemic model]]

=== <big>T</big> ===

*[[Tachycardia]]

*[[Telangiectasia]]

*[[Teratocarcinoma]]

*[[Thermodynamic diameter]]

*[[Thoracic airways]]

*[[Threshold dose for tissue reactions]]

*[[Threshold level]]

*Tissue absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])

*[[Thoron progeny]]

*[[Thyroid blocking]]

*[[Time factor]]

*[[Time-resolved computed tomography]]

*[[Tissue equivalent material]]

*[[Tolerability]]

*[[Tolerance dose]] (in Radiotherapy)

*[[Track structure]]

*[[Translocation]]

*[[Transmission detection system]]

*[[Transparency]]

*[[Trapped particles]]

*[[Treatment preparation in radiotherapy]]

*[[Trophic level]]

*[[Types of materials]]

*[[Typical value]] (for DRL)

=== <big>U</big> ===

*[[Unattached fraction]]

*[[Unsealed source]]

*[[Upper reference levels]]

*[[Uptake]]

*[[Utilitarian ethics]]

*[[Virtue ethics]]

*[[Voxel phantom]]

=== <big>W</big> ===

*[[Waste disposal]]

*[[Waste management]]

*[[Wisdom]]

*WL (see [[Working level]])

*WLM (see [[Working level month]])

*[[Worker]]

*[[Working level]]

*[[Working level month]]

*wT (see [[Tissue weighting factor]])

=== <big>...</big> ===

*[[α/β value]]

Chris Clement

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