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<div>{{#externalredirect: http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP Publication 149}}</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/ICRP_Publication_148ICRP Publication 1482021-10-03T17:13:27Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "{{#externalredirect: http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP Publication 148}}"</p>
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<div>{{#externalredirect: http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP Publication 140}}</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/ICRP_publicationsICRP publications2021-10-03T14:42:28Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
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<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
Established in 1977, ''Annals of the ICRP'' is the authoritative source of recommendations and guidance of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Previously, ICRP issued its recommendations as individual books or as part of other publications. ICRP began numbering its publications in 1960, although ICRP’s 1959 recommendations are now referred to as [[ICRP Publication 1]]. Before this, ICRP recommendations are referred to by the year in which they were issued.<br />
<br />
Recommendations from 1928 to 1937 were issued by the International X-Ray and Radium Protection Committee or Commission (IXRPC). No recommendations were issued from then until 1950, when the IXRPC was reconstituted as ICRP.<br />
<br />
Thanks to the many supporters of the Free the Annals Initiative in 2018 as part of ICRP’s 90th Anniversary celebrations, all issues of Annals of the ICRP, and the ICRP and IXRPC reports issued before this, are free to access other than the current and two most recent volumes.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 150]] Cancer Risk from Exposure to Plutonium and Uranium (in press)<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 149]] Occupational Radiological Protection in Brachytherapy, 2021<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 148]] Radiation Weighting for Reference Animals and Plants, 2021<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 147]] Use of Dose Quantities in Radiological Protection, 2021<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 146]] Radiological Protection of People and the Environment in the Event of a Large Nuclear Accident, 2020<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 145]] Adult Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms, 2020<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 144]] Dose Coefficients for External Exposures to Environmental Sources, 2020<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 143]] Paediatric Computational Reference Phantoms, 2020<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 142]] Radiological Protection from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Industrial Processes, 2019<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 141]] Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 4, 2019<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 140]] Radiological Protection in Therapy with Radiopharmaceuticals, 2019<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 139]] Occupational Radiological Protection in Interventional Procedures, 2018<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 138]] Ethical Foundations of the System of Radiological Protection, 2018<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 137]] Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3, 2017<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 136]] Dose Coefficients for Non-human Biota Environmentally Exposed to Radiation, 2017<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 135]] Diagnostic Reference Levels in Medical Imaging, 2017<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 134]] Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2, 2016<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 133]] The ICRP Computational Framework for Internal Dose Assessment for Reference Adults: Specific Absorbed Fractions, 2016<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 132]] Radiological Protection from Cosmic Radiation in Aviation, 2016<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 131]] Stem Cell Biology with Respect to Carcinogenesis Aspects of Radiological Protection, 2015<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]] Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1, 2015<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 129]] Radiological Protection in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), 2015<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 128]] Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals: A Compendium of Current Information Related to Frequently Used Substances, 2015<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 127]] Radiological Protection in Ion Beam Radiotherapy, 2014<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 126]] Radiological Protection against Radon Exposure, 2014<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 125]] Radiological Protection in Security Screening, 2014<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 124]] Protection of the Environment under Different Exposure Situations, 2014<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 123]] Assessment of Radiation Exposure of Astronauts in Space, 2013<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 122]] Radiological Protection in Geological Disposal of Long-lived Solid Radioactive Waste, 2013<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 121]] Radiological Protection in Paediatric Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 2013<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 120]] Radiological Protection in Cardiology, 2013<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 119]] Compendium of Dose Coefficients based on ICRP Publication 60, 2012<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 118]] ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions / Early and Late Effects of Radiation in Normal Tissues and Organs – Threshold Doses for Tissue Reactions in a Radiation Protection Context, 2012<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 117]] Radiological Protection in Fluoroscopically Guided Procedures outside the Imaging Department, 2010<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 116]] Conversion Coefficients for Radiological Protection Quantities for External Radiation Exposures, 2010 (jointly with ICRU), 2010<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 115]] Lung Cancer Risk from Radon and Progeny and Statement on Radon, 2010<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 114]] Environmental Protection: Transfer Parameters for Reference Animals and Plants, 2009<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 113]] Education and Training in Radiological Protection for Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures, 2009<br />
<br />
[https://doi.org/10.1093/jicru/10.2.Report84 ICRU Report 84] Reference Data for the Validation of Doses from Cosmic-Radiation Exposure of Aircraft Crew, 2010 (jointly with ICRU)<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 112]] Preventing Accidental Exposures from New External Beam Radiation Therapy Technologies, 2009<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 111]] Application of the Commission's Recommendations to the Protection of People Living in Long-term Contaminated Areas after a Nuclear Accident or a Radiation Emergency, 2009<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 110]] Adult Reference Computational Phantoms, 2009<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 109]] Application of the Commission's Recommendations for the Protection of People in Emergency Exposure Situations, 2009<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 108]] Environmental Protection - the Concept and Use of Reference Animals and Plants<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 107]] Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetric Calculations<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 106]] Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals - Addendum 3 to ICRP Publication 53<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 105]] Radiological Protection in Medicine<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 104]] Scope of Radiological Protection Control Measures<br />
<br />
'''[[ICRP Publication 103]] The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, 2007'''<br />
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[[ICRP Publication 102]] Managing Patient Dose in Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT)<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 101]]b The Optimisation of Radiological Protection - Broadening the Process, 2006<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 101]]a Assessing Dose of the Representative Person for the Purpose of the Radiation Protection of the Public, 2006<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 100]] Human Alimentary Tract Model for Radiological Protection<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 99]] Low-dose Extrapolation of Radiation-related Cancer Risk<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 98]] Radiation Safety Aspects of Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer using Permanently Implanted Sources<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 97]] Prevention of High-dose-rate Brachytherapy Accidents<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 96]] Protecting People against Radiation Exposure in the Event of a Radiological Attack<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 95]] Doses to Infants from Ingestion of Radionuclides in Mothers' Milk<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 94]] Release of Patients after Therapy with Unsealed Radionuclides<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 93]] Managing Patient Dose in Digital Radiology<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 92]] Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE), Quality Factor (''Q''), and Radiation Weighting Factor (''w''<sub>R</sub>)<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 91]] A Framework for Assessing the Impact of Ionising Radiation on Non-human Species<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 90]] Biological Effects after Prenatal Irradiation (Embryo and Fetus)<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 89]] Basic Anatomical and Physiological Data for Use in Radiological Protection Reference Values<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 88]] Doses to the Embryo and Fetus from Intakes of Radionuclides by the Mother<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 87]] Managing Patient Dose in Computed Tomography<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 86]] Prevention of Accidents to Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 85]] Avoidance of Radiation Injuries from Medical Interventional Procedures<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 84]] Pregnancy and Medical Radiation<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 83]] Risk Estimation for Multifactorial Diseases<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 82]] Protection of the Public in Situations of Prolonged Radiation Exposure<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 81]] Radiation protection recommendations as applied to the disposal of long-lived solid radioactive waste<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 80]] Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals (Addendum to ICRP Publication 53)<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 79]] Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 78]] Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure of Workers<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 77]] Radiological Protection Policy for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 76]] Protection from Potential Exposures - Application to Selected Radiation Sources<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 75]] General Principles for the Radiation Protection of Workers, 1997<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 74]] Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection against External Radiation<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 73]] Radiological Protection and Safety in Medicine<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 72]] Age-dependent Doses to the Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides - Part 5 Compilation of Ingestion and Inhalation Coefficients<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 71]] Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides - Part 4 Inhalation Dose Coefficients<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 70]] Basic Anatomical & Physiological Data for use in Radiological Protection - The Skeleton<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 69]] Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides - Part 3 Ingestion Dose Coefficients<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 68]] Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 67]] Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides - Part 2 Ingestion Dose Coefficients<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 66]] Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 65]] Protection Against Radon-222 at Home and at Work<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 64]] Protection from Potential Exposure - A Conceptual Framework<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 63]] Principles for Intervention for Protection of the Public in a Radiological Emergency<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 62]] Radiological Protection in Biomedical Research<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 61]] Annuals Limits on Intake of Radionuclides by Workers Based on the 1990 Recommendations<br />
<br />
'''[[ICRP Publication 60]] 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection'''<br />
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-----<br />
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[[ICRP Publication 59]] The Biological Basis for Dose Limitation in the Skin<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 58]] RBE for Deterministic Effects<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 57]] Radiological Protection of the Worker in Medicine and Dentistry<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 56]] Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides - Part 1<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 55]] Optimization and Decision Making in Radiological Protection<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 54]] Individual Monitoring for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 53]] Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 52]] Protection of the Patient in Nuclear Medicine<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 51]] Data for Use in Protection against External Radiation<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 50]] Lung Cancer Risk from Exposures to Radon Daughters<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 49]] Developmental Effects of Irradiation on the Brain of the Embryo and Fetus<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 48]] The Metabolism of Plutonium and Related Elements<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 47]] Radiation Protection of Workers in Mines<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 46]] Principles for the Disposal of Solid Radioactive Waste<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 45]] Developing a Unified Index of Harm<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 44]] Protection of the Patient in Radiation Therapy<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 43]] Principles of Monitoring for the Radiation Protection of the Population<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 42]] A Compilation of the Major Concepts and Quantities in Use by ICRP<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 41]] Nonstochastic Effects of Ionizing Radiation<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 40]] Protection of the Public in the Event of Major Radiation Accidents - Principles for Planning<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 39]] Principles for Limiting Exposure of the Public to Natural Sources of Radiation<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 38]] Radionuclide Transformations - Energy and Intensity of Emissions<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 37]] Cost-Benefit Analysis in the Optimization of Radiation Protection<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 36]] Protection against Ionizing Radiation in the Teaching of Science<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 35]] General Principles of Monitoring for Radiation Protection of Workers<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 34]] Protection of the Patient in Diagnostic Radiology<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 33]] Protection against Ionizing Radiation from External Sources Used in Medicine<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 32]] Limits for Inhalation of Radon Daughters by Workers<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 31]] Biological Effects of Inhaled Radionuclides<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 30 (supplement B to part 3)]] Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, 1982<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 30 (supplement A to part 3)]] Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, 1982<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 30 (supplement to part 2)]] Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, 1981<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 30 (supplement to part 1)]] Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, 1979<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 30 (part 4)]] Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers: an Addendum, 1988<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 30 (part 3)]] Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, 1981<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 30 (part 2)]] Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, 1980<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 30 (part 1)]] Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, 1979<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 30 (index)]] Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, 1982<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 29]] Radionuclide Release into the Environment - Assessment of Doses to Man<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 28]] Principles for Handling Emergency and Accidental Exposures of Workers<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 27]] Problems Involved in Developing an Index of Harm<br />
<br />
'''[[ICRP Publication 26]] Recommendations of the ICRP, 1977'''<br />
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[[ICRP Publication 25]] The Handling, Storage, Use and Disposal of Unsealed Radionuclides in Hospitals and Medical Research Establishments, 1977<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 24]] Radiation Protection in Uranium and Other Mines, 1977<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 23]] Report of the Task Group on Reference Man, 1975<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 22]] Implications of Commission Recommendations that Doses be Kept as Low as Readily Achievable, 1973<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 21]] Data for Protection Against Ionizing from External Sources - Supplement to ICRP Publication 15, 1973<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 20]] Alkaline Earth Metabolism in Adult Man, 1973<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 19]] The Metabolism of Compounds of Plutonium and other Actinides, 1972<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 18]] The RBE for High-LET Radiations with Respect to Mutagenesis, 1972<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 17]] Protection of the Patient in Radionuclide Investigations, 1971<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 16]] Protection of the Patient in X-ray Diagnosis, 1970<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 15]] Protection against Ionizing Radiation from External Sources, 1970<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 14]] Radiosensitivity and Spatial Distribution of Dose, 1969<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 13]] Radiation Protection in Schools for Pupils up to the Age of 18 Years, 1970<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 12]] General Principles of Monitoring for Radiation Protection of Workers, 1969<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 11]] A Review of the Radiosensitivity of the Tissues in Bone, 1968<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 10]] Evaluation of Radiation Doses to Body Tissues from Internal Contamination due to Occupational Exposure, 1968<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 10A]] The Assessment of Internal Contamination Resulting from Recurrent Prolonged Uptakes, 1971<br />
<br />
'''[[ICRP Publication 9]] Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1966'''<br />
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-----<br />
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[[ICRP Publication 8]] The Evaluation of Risks from Radiation, 1966<br />
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[[ICRP Publication 7]] Principles of Environmental Monitoring related to the Handling of Radioactive Materials, 1966<br />
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'''[[ICRP Publication 6]] Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1964'''<br />
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-----<br />
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[[ICRP Publication 5]] Handling and Disposal of Radioactive Materials in Hospitals and Medical Research Establishments, 1965<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 4]] Protection Against Electromagnetic Radiation above 3 MeV and Electrons, Neutrons and Protons, 1964<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 3]] Protection Against X-Rays up to 3 MeV and Beta- and Gamma Rays from Sealed Sources, 1960<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 2]] Permissible dose for internal radiation, 1960<br />
<br />
'''[[ICRP Publication 1]] Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1959'''<br />
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-----<br />
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'''[[1956 Recommendations]] Report on Amendments during 1956 to the 1954 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection'''<br />
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-----<br />
<br />
'''[[1954 Recommendations]] Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection'''<br />
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-----<br />
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'''[[1950 Recommendations]] International Recommendations on Radiological Protection'''<br />
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-----<br />
<br />
'''[[1937 Recommendations]] International Recommendations for X-ray and Radium Protection (IXRPC)'''<br />
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<br />
'''[[1934 Recommendations]] International Recommendations for X-ray and Radium Protection (IXRPC)'''<br />
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-----<br />
<br />
'''[[1931 Recommendations]] (IXRPC)'''<br />
<br />
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<br />
'''[[1928 Recommendations]] International Recommendations for X-ray and Radium Protection (IXRPC)'''<br />
<br />
-----</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Secretory_cellsSecretory cells2021-10-03T14:31:07Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Non-ciliated epithelial cells that have mucous or serous secretions. ICRP Publication 150, 2021 '''..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Non-ciliated epithelial cells that have mucous or serous secretions.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 150]], 2021<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/LagLag2021-10-03T14:24:57Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary To account for the minimum latent period (or latency) of a particular disease (e.g. lung cancer) – the..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
To account for the minimum latent period (or latency) of a particular disease (e.g. lung cancer) – the period after the exposure of interest during which any increased risk of the particular disease will not be apparent clinically – a lag may be included in the analysis to exclude cases of the disease that occur during this latent period, but which cannot be related to the exposure of interest. Exposures (e.g. radiation doses) occurring during the minimum latent period may also be excluded, which is referred to as ‘exposure’ or ‘dose lagging’.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 150]], 2021<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
See also [Risk]]</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Unattached_fractionUnattached fraction2021-08-19T19:14:22Z<p>Charlotte White: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
The fraction of the [[potential alpha energy concentration]] of short-lived radon progeny that is not attached to the ambient aerosol.<br />
<br />
(Adapted from [[ICRP Publication 115]], 2010)<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Threshold_levelThreshold level2021-08-19T19:12:49Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Values of measured quantities above which some specified action or decision should be taken. They includ..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Values of measured quantities above which some specified action or decision should be taken. They include recording levels above which a result should be recorded lower values being ignored; and [[investigation level]]s above which the cause or the implication of the result should be examined.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Thoracic_airwaysThoracic airways2021-08-19T19:10:05Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Combined bronchial bronchiolar and alveolar–interstitial regions. ICRP Publication 130, 2015 '''R..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Combined bronchial bronchiolar and alveolar–interstitial regions.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/SpongiosaSpongiosa2021-08-19T19:04:17Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Term referring to the combined tissues of the bone trabeculae and marrow tissues (both active and inactiv..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Term referring to the combined tissues of the bone trabeculae and marrow tissues (both active and inactive) located beneath cortical bone cortices across regions of the axial and appendicular skeleton.<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 116]], 2010; [[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015; and [[ICRP Publication 133]], 2015 ===<br />
<br />
Term referring to the combined tissues of the bone trabeculae and marrow tissues (both active and inactive) located beneath cortical bone cortices across regions of the axial and appendicular skeleton. Spongiosa is one of three bone regions defined in the [[ICRP Publication 110]], 2009, reference phantoms the other two being cortical bone and medullary marrow of the long bone shafts. As the relative proportions of trabecular bone active marrow and inactive marrow vary with skeletal site the homogeneous elemental composition and mass density of spongiosa are not constant but vary with skeletal site [see Annex B of [[ICRP Publication 110]], 2009].</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Specific_absorbed_fractionSpecific absorbed fraction2021-08-19T19:01:07Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary The fraction of energy emitted as a specified radiation type in a source region, <math>S</math>, that is..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
The fraction of energy emitted as a specified radiation type in a source region, <math>S</math>, that is absorbed per kg of a target tissue, <math>T</math>.<br />
<br />
<math>\phi(r_T \leftarrow r_X, E_{R,i})</math><br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/S_coefficient_(radiation_weighted)S coefficient (radiation weighted)2021-08-19T18:54:48Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
The equivalent dose to target region <math>r_T</math> per nuclear transformation of a given radionuclide in source region <math>r_S</math>, Sv (Bq s)<sup>-1</sup>.<br />
<br />
<math><br />
S_w(r_T \leftarrow r_S) = \sum_R w_R \sum_i E_{R,i} Y_{R,i} \phi (r_T \leftarrow r_s, E_{R,i})<br />
</math><br />
<br />
where <math>E_{R,i}</math> is the energy in joules of the i<sup>th</sup> radiation of type <math>R</math> emitted in nuclear transformations of the radionuclide (J); <math>Y_{R,i}</math> is the yield of the i<sup>th</sup> radiation of type <math>R</math> per nuclear transformation [(Bq s)<sup>-1</sup>]; <math>w_R</math> is the radiation weighting factor for radiation type <math>R</math>; and <math>\phi (r_T \leftarrow r_s, E_{R,i})</math> is the specific absorbed fraction defined as the fraction of energy <math>E_{R,i}</math> of radiation type <math>R</math> emitted within the source region <math>r_S</math> that is absorbed per mass in the target region <math>r_T</math> (kg<sup>-1</sup>).<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 131]], 2015 ===</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Reference_workerReference worker2021-08-19T18:46:51Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary The adult Reference Person combined with the reference dosimetric and biokinetic models and their par..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
The adult [[Reference Person]] combined with the reference dosimetric and biokinetic models and their parameter values. The structure and parameter values of biokinetic models of the Reference Worker are invariant of individual-specific characteristics and adopt Reference Male biokinetic parameter values in cases for which sex-specific models are available.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Reference_phantomReference phantom2021-08-19T18:45:13Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Computational anthropomorphic phantom based on medical tomographic images where the anatomy is described..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Computational anthropomorphic phantom based on medical tomographic images where the anatomy is described by small three-dimensional volume elements (voxels) that specify the density and the atomic composition of the various organs and tissues of the human body. ICRP phantoms are available for adult male and female human bodies.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 135]], 2017<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 133]], 2016; [[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015 ICRP Publication 123]], 2013; and ICRP Publication 116]], 2010 ===<br />
<br />
The computational phantom of the human body (male or female voxel phantom based on medical imaging data) defined in [[ICRP Publication 110}}, 2009, with the anatomical and physiological characteristics of Reference Male and Reference Female defined in [[ICRP Publication 89]], 2002.<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 103]], 2007 and [[ICRP Publication 110]], 2008 ===<br />
<br />
Computational phantoms for the human body (male and female voxel phantoms based on medical imaging data) with the anatomical and physiological characteristics defined in the report of the ICRP Task Group on Reference Man [[ICRP Publication 89]], 2002.</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Reference_PersonReference Person2021-08-19T18:39:50Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Conceptual person for whom the effective dose is defined. The effective dose is evaluated as follows:..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Conceptual person for whom the [[effective dose]] is defined. The effective dose is evaluated as follows: firstly sex-averaging of the [[equivalent dose]]s to all the designated organs/tissues of the adult reference male and the adult reference female and then averaging the sex-averaged [[equivalent dose]]s over all those organs/tissues by using the corresponding tissue weighting factors.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 103]], 2007<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 118]], 2012; [[ICRP Publication 123]], 2013; [[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015; and [[ICRP Publication 133]], 2015 ===<br />
<br />
An idealised person for whom the equivalent doses to organs and tissues are calculated by averaging the corresponding organ doses in the Reference Male and Reference Female. The equivalent doses of Reference Person are used for the calculation of effective dose.</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Reference_parameter_valueReference parameter value2021-08-19T18:35:36Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary The value of a parameter factor or quantity that is regarded as valid for use in dosimetric calculations..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
The value of a parameter factor or quantity that is regarded as valid for use in dosimetric calculations and recommended by ICRP. These values are fixed and are not subject to uncertainties.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Reference_individualReference individual2021-08-19T18:30:11Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Idealised persons (males or female) of various ages with characteristics defined by the Commission for the purpose of radiological protection, and with the anatomical and physiological characteristics defined in [[ICRP Publication 89]], 2002.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 103]], 2007<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015 ===<br />
<br />
An idealised male or female with anatomical and physiological characteristics defined by ICRP for the purpose of radiological protection.<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries referring to '''Reference Male or Reference Female''' ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 123]], 2013 and [[ICRP Publication 116]], 2010 ===<br />
<br />
An idealised male or female with characteristics defined by the Commission for the purpose of radiological protection, and with the anatomical and physiological characteristics defined in [[ICRP Publication 89]], 2002.</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Specific_effective_energySpecific effective energy2021-08-18T19:39:52Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Specific effective energy, <math>[SEE(T \leftarrow S)]_R</math>, is the energy, suitably modified for radiation weighting factor, imparted per unit mass of a target tissue <math>T</math> as a consequence of the emission of a specified radiation <math>R</math> from a nuclear transformation occurring in source region <math>S</math>, expressed as J s Bq<sup>-1</sup> kg or Sv Bq<sup>-1</sup> s.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 119]], 2012<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Voxel_phantomVoxel phantom2021-08-18T19:30:38Z<p>Charlotte White: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Computational anthropomorphic phantom based on medical tomographic images where the anatomy is described by small three-dimensional volume elements (voxels) specifying the density and the atomic composition of the various organs and tissues of the human body.<br />
<br />
See also [[reference phantom]].<br />
<br />
(Adapted from [[ICRP Publication 103]], 2007)<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 116]], 2015 and [[ICRP Publication 123]], 2013 ===<br />
<br />
Computational anthropomorphic phantom based on medical tomographic images in which the anatomy is described by small three-dimensional volume elements (voxels). Collections of these voxels are used to specify the organs and tissues of the human body.<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 110]], 2008 ===<br />
<br />
Computational anthropomorphic phantom based on medical tomographic images in which the anatomy is described by small three-dimensional volume elements (voxels) specifying the organ or tissue to which they belong.</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Quality_factorQuality factor2021-08-18T18:53:20Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
A dimensionless factor defined to reflect the relative biological effectiveness of high-LET radiations compared with low-LET radiations at low exposure levels. <math>Q</math> is usually given by a function <math>Q(L)</math>, where <math>L</math> is the unrestricted LET in water. The quality factor at a point in tissue, is given by:<br />
<br />
<math><br />
Q = \frac{1}{D} \int_{L=0}^\infty Q(L)D_LdL<br />
</math><br />
<br />
where <math>D</math> is the [[absorbed dose]] at that point, <math>D_L</math> is the distribution of <math>D</math> in unrestricted LET <math>L</math> at the point of interest, and <math>Q(L)</math> is the quality factor as a function of <math>L</math>. The integration is to be performed over <math>D_L</math>, due to all charged particles, excluding their secondary electrons.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 116]], 2010 and [[ICRP Publication 123]], 2013<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 103]], 2007 and [[ICRP Publication 127]], 2014===<br />
<br />
The factor characterising the biological effectiveness of a radiation, based on the ionisation density along the tracks of charged particles in tissue. <math>Q</math> is defined as a function of the unrestricted linear energy transfer, <math>L_\infty</math> (often denoted as <math>L</math> or LET), of charged particles in water:<br />
<br />
<math><br />
Q(L) = \begin{cases}<br />
1, & \text{if } L < \text{10 keV/μm} \\<br />
0.32L - 2.2, & \text{if 10} \le L \le \text{100 keV/μm} \\<br />
300/\sqrt{L}, & \text {if } L > \text{100 keV/μm}<br />
\end{cases}<br />
</math><br />
<br />
<math>Q</math> has been superseded by the [[radiation weighting factor]] in the definition of [[equivalent dose]], but it is still used in calculating the operational dose equivalent quantities used in monitoring.</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Potential_alpha_energy_concentrationPotential alpha energy concentration2021-08-18T18:48:15Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary The concentration of short-lived radon or thoron progeny in air in terms of the alpha energy emitted duri..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
The concentration of short-lived radon or thoron progeny in air in terms of the alpha energy emitted during complete decay from radon-222 progeny to lead-210, or from radon-220 progeny to lead-208, of any mixture of short-lived radon-222 or radon-220 in a unit volume of air. The SI unit for potential alpha energy concentration is J m<sup>-3</sup>.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 115]], 2010<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/PhantomPhantom2021-08-18T18:46:27Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary A device that absorbs or scatters radiation in an equivalent manner to a patient used to estimate radiati..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
A device that absorbs or scatters radiation in an equivalent manner to a patient used to estimate radiation doses and test imaging systems without actually exposing a patient. A phantom may be an anthropomorphic or a physical test object.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 129]], 2015<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Operational_quantityOperational quantity2021-08-18T18:43:39Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Quantities used in practical applications for monitoring and investigating situations involving external exposure. They are defined for measurements and assessment of doses in the body. In internal dosimetry no operational dose quantities have been defined that directly provide an assessment of [[equivalent dose]] or [[effective dose]]. Different methods are applied to assess the equivalent or effective dose due to radionuclides in the human body. They are mostly based on various activity measurements and the application of biokinetic models (computational models).<br />
<br />
(Adapted from [[ICRP Publication 139]], 2018)<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 116]], 2010 and [[ICRP Publication 123]], 2013 ===<br />
<br />
Quantities used in practical applications for monitoring and investigating situations involving external exposure and intakes of radionuclides. They are defined for measurements and assessment of doses in the body. <br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 103]], 2007 ===<br />
<br />
Quantities used in practical applications for monitoring and investigating situations involving external exposure. They are defined for measurements and assessment of doses in the body. In internal dosimetry, no operational dose quantities have been defined which directly provide an assessment of equivalent or effective dose. Different methods are applied to assess the equivalent or effective dose due to radionuclides in the human body. They are mostly based on various activity measurements and the application of biokinetic models (computational models).</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Personal_dose_equivalentPersonal dose equivalent2021-08-18T18:35:27Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
The [[dose equivalent]] in soft tissue at an appropriate depth, d, below a specified point on the human body. The soft tissue is ICRU 4-element tissue. The unit of personal dose equivalent is joule per kilogram (J kg<sup>-1</sup>), and its special name is [[Sievert]] (Sv). The specified point is usually given by the position where the individual dosimeter is worn. For the assessment of [[effective dose]] a depth of 10 mm is recommended, and for the assessment of [[equivalent dose]] to the skin and the lens of the eye, depths of 0.07 mm and 3 mm, respectively, are recommended.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 116]], 2010<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 139]], 2018 ===<br />
<br />
The [[operational quantity]] for individual monitoring is the personal dose equivalent H<sub>p</sub>(d) which is the dose equivalent in soft tissue at an appropriate depth d (in mm) below a specific point on the human body. The unit of personal dose equivalent is J kg<sup>-1</sup> and its special name is [[sievert]] (Sv). The specified point is usually given by the position where the individual’s dosimeter is worn. For monitoring effective dose the operational quantity H<sub>p</sub>(10) is used and for assessment of the dose to the skin hands and feet the personal dose equivalent H<sub>p</sub>(0.07) is used. A depth d = 3 mm is adequate for monitoring the dose to the lens of the eye. In practice however in many countries calibration of dosimeters in terms of H<sub>p</sub>(3) has not been implemented but H<sub>p</sub>(0.07) can be used for the same monitoring purpose for photon radiation which is the case in interventions guided by radiological imaging.<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 103]], 2007 ===<br />
<br />
An [[operational quantity]]: the dose equivalent in soft tissue (commonly interpreted as the ‘[[ICRU sphere]]’) at an appropriate depth, d, below a specified point on the human body. The unit of personal dose equivalent is joule per kilogram (J kg<sup>-1</sup>) and its special name is [[Sievert]] (Sv). The specified point is usually given by the position where the individual’s dosimeter is worn.</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Dose_equivalentDose equivalent2021-08-18T18:32:41Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
<br />
Dose equivalent in an organ or tissue is the product of the mean [[quality factor]], <math>Q_T</math>, and the mean [[absorbed dose]], <math>D_T</math>, in an organ or tissue <math>T</math>: <br />
<br />
<math><br />
H_{t,Q} = Q_TD_T<br />
</math><br />
<br />
A quantity introduced by ICRP in [[ICRP Publication 26]], 1977 and replaced by equivalent dose in an organ or tissue in [[ICRP Publication 60]], 1991.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 123]], 2013<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Particle_transportParticle transport2021-08-18T18:24:17Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Processes that clear material from the respiratory tract to the alimentary tract and to the lymph nodes a..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Processes that clear material from the respiratory tract to the alimentary tract and to the lymph nodes and move material from one part of the respiratory tract to another.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Other_(systemic)_tissuesOther (systemic) tissues2021-08-18T18:23:11Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary A term used in biokinetic models to represent in a collective manner tissues not identified explicitly i..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
A term used in biokinetic models to represent in a collective manner tissues not identified explicitly in the biokinetic model.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 123]], 2013<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Organ_dose_equivalentOrgan dose equivalent2021-08-18T18:17:25Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Short phrase for ‘[[dose equivalent]] in an organ or tissue’.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 123]], 2013<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/OLINDA/EXMOLINDA/EXM2021-08-18T18:16:07Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Organ Level Internal Dose Assessment / Exponential Modelling.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 106]], 2007<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Organ/tissue_absorbed_doseOrgan/tissue absorbed dose2021-08-18T17:48:53Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
[[Absorbed dose]], <math>D</math>, averaged over an organ or tissue region, <math>T</math>, as:<br />
<br />
<math><br />
D_T=\frac{\epsilon_T}{m_T}<br />
</math><br />
<br />
Where <math>\epsilon_T</math> is the mean total energy imparted in a tissue or organ <math>T</math>, and <math>m_T</math> is the mass of that tissue or organ.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 103]], 2007<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 106]], 2007 ===<br />
<br />
The mean [[absorbed dose]] <math>D_T</math> to a target organ or tissue <math>T</math> is the sum of the contributions, <math>D(T \leftarrow S)</math>, arising from nuclear transformations of the radionuclide in various source organs <math>S</math>, i.e.:<br />
<br />
<math><br />
D_t = \sum_{S} D(T \leftarrow S)<br />
</math><br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 116]], 2010; [[ICRP Publication 123]], 2013; [[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015; and [[ICRP Publication 133]], 2016 ===<br />
<br />
The mean [[absorbed dose]] in a specified organ or tissue region <math>r_T</math> is given by:<br />
<br />
<math><br />
D_T = \frac{1}{m_T} \int D\ dm<br />
</math><br />
<br />
where <math>m_T</math> is the mass of the organ or tissue and <math>D</math> is the [[absorbed dose]] in the mass element <math>dm</math>. The SI unit of mean [[absorbed dose]] is joule per kilogramme (J kg<sup>-1</sup>) and its special name is [[gray]] (Gy). The mean [[absorbed dose]] in an organ is sometimes termed organ dose.<br />
<br />
=== from [[ICRP Publication 139]], 2007 ===<br />
<br />
The [[absorbed dose]] <math>D_T</math> averaged over the tissue or organ <math>T</math> which is given by:<br />
<br />
<math><br />
D_T=\frac{\epsilon_T}{m_T}<br />
</math><br />
<br />
Where <math>\epsilon_T</math> is the mean total energy imparted in a tissue or organ <math>T</math>, and <math>m_T</math> is the mass of that tissue or organ.</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Measured_quantityMeasured quantity2021-08-18T17:45:55Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Primary result of incorporation monitoring; the measured quantity represents in the case of in-vivo meas..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Primary result of incorporation monitoring; the measured quantity represents in the case of in-vivo measurements the activity of a radionuclide (Bq) in the whole body an organ or a tissue; and in the case of in-vitro measurements the activity of a radionuclide in excreta samples. In many cases 24-h samples are used.<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Thermodynamic_diameterThermodynamic diameter2021-08-18T17:42:50Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Diameter (μm) of a spherical particle that has the same diffusion coefficient in air as the particle of..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Diameter (μm) of a spherical particle that has the same diffusion coefficient in air as the particle of interest.<br />
<br />
[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
<br />
'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Count_median_diameterCount median diameter2021-08-18T17:38:31Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Fifty percent (by number) of the particles in the sample measured (e.g. by microscopy) have diameters gre..."</p>
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<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Fifty percent (by number) of the particles in the sample measured (e.g. by microscopy) have diameters greater than the CMD.<br />
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See also [[mass median diameter]].<br />
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[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
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'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Mass_median_diameterMass median diameter2021-08-18T17:30:47Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
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<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Fifty percent of the mass of material in the aerosol is associated with particles of diameter greater than the MMD. For a log-normal distribution with geometric standard deviation <math>\sigma_g</math> the MMD can be calculated from the [[count median diameter]] (CMD):<br />
<br />
<math><br />
MMD = CMD + 3 \exp((\ln \sigma_g )^2)<br />
</math><br />
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If the material is of uniform specific activity the MMD will be equal to the activity median diameter (AMD). Fifty percent of the activity in the aerosol is associated with particles of diameter greater than the AMD. The relationship of particle diameter to particle aerodynamic diameter and hence of the AMD and CMD to the activity median aerodynamic diameter of an aerosol formed from the particles depends on the density and shape of the particles and on how the diameters were measured.<br />
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[[ICRP Publication 130]], 2015<br />
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'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Marrow_cellularityMarrow cellularity2021-08-18T17:25:43Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary The fraction of bone marrow volume in a given bone that is haematopoietically active. Age- and bone-site-..."</p>
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<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
The fraction of bone marrow volume in a given bone that is haematopoietically active. Age- and bone-site-dependent reference values for marrow cellularity are given in Table 41 of [[ICRP Publication 70]], 1995. As a first approximation, marrow cellularity may be thought of as one minus the fat fraction of bone marrow.<br />
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[[ICRP Publication 116]], 2010<br />
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'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Low_linear_energy_transfer_radiationLow linear energy transfer radiation2021-08-18T17:19:33Z<p>Chris Clement: Created page with "link=ICRP Glossary Radiation with low linear energy transfer (LET), normally assumed to comprise photons (including X rays a..."</p>
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<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Radiation with low linear energy transfer (LET), normally assumed to comprise photons (including X rays and gamma radiation), electrons, positrons and muons. High energy (>4 MeV) protons are considered to be a low LET radiation.<br />
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See also [[linear energy transfer]] and [[high linear energy transfer radiation]]<br />
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'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/Linear_energy_transferLinear energy transfer2021-08-18T17:13:58Z<p>Chris Clement: </p>
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<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
The quotient of <math>dE</math> by <math>dl</math>, where <math>dE</math> is the mean energy lost by the charged particle due to electronic interactions in traversing a distance <math>dl</math>, thus:<br />
<br />
<math><br />
L = \frac{dE}{dl}<br />
</math><br />
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The unit of linear energy transfer is joule per metre J m<sup>-1</sup>, often given in keV μm<sup>-1</sup>.<br />
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See [[high linear energy transfer radiation]] and [[low linear energy transfer radiation]].<br />
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'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''</div>Chris Clementhttp://icrpaedia.org/KermaKerma2021-08-18T17:01:49Z<p>Charlotte White: </p>
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<div>[[File:Glossary Icon-2.png|100px|frameless|right|link=ICRP Glossary]]<br />
Quantity for ionising uncharged particles, defined by the quotient of <math>dE_{tr}</math> by <math>dm</math>, where <math>dE_{tr}</math> is the mean sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles liberated in a mass <math>dm</math> of a material by the uncharged particles incident on <math>dm</math>, thus:<br />
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<math><br />
K = \frac{dE_{tr}}{dm}<br />
</math><br />
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The SI unit of kerma is joule per kilogram (J kg<sup>-1</sup>), and its special name is [[gray]] (Gy).<br />
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‘Kerma’ is an acronym for ‘kinetic energy released in a mass’.<br />
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(Adapted from [[ICRP Publication 116]], 2010)<br />
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'''Return to [[ICRP Glossary|Glossary]]'''<br />
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== Previous glossary entries ==<br />
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=== from [[ICRP Publication 103]], 2007; [[ICRP Publication 119]], 2012; [[ICRP Publication 120]], 2012; [[ICRP Publication 135]], 2017; and [[ICRP Publication 136]], 2011 ===<br />
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The quotient of the sum of the kinetic energies, <math>dE_{tr}</math>, of all charged particles liberated by uncharged particles in a mass <math>dm</math> of material, and the mass <math>dm</math> of that material.<br />
<br />
<math><br />
K = \frac{dE_{tr}}{dm}<br />
</math><br />
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Kerma is defined as a non-stochastic quantity and <math>dE_{tr}</math> is the expectation value of the sum of the kinetic energies. The unit for kerma is joule per kilogram (J kg<sup>-1</sup>) and its special name is [[gray]] (Gy).</div>Chris Clement