Difference between revisions of "ICRP Glossary"

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__NOTOC__
 
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[[File:Glossary Header-left2.png|800px|frameless|none|link=ICRP Glossary]]
  
−
<big><center> 
+
The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. Some entries include historical descriptions to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.
 +
 
 +
It is a living document, updated regularly.
 +
 
 +
Many ICRP publications feature their own glossaries including, for example, highly specialized terms relevant to that specific publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing new terms to be added to the ICRP Glossary.
 +
 
 +
Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in [[ICRP publications]].
 +
 
 +
----
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[#A|A]] || [[#B|B]]  || [[#C|C]]|| [[#D|D]] || [[#E|E]] || [[#F|F]] || [[#G|G]] || [[#H|H]] || [[#I|I]] || [[#J|J]] || [[#K|K]] || [[#L|L]] || [[#M|M]] ||[[#N|N]] || [[#O|O]] || [[#P|P]] || [[#Q|Q]] || [[#R|R]] || [[#S|S]] || [[#T|T]] || [[#U|U]] || [[#V|V]] || [[#W|W]] || [[#X|X]] || [[#Y|Y]] || [[#Z|Z]]
+
| [[#09|0-9]] || [[#A|A]] || [[#B|B]]  || [[#C|C]]|| [[#D|D]] || [[#E|E]] || [[#F|F]] || [[#G|G]] || [[#H|H]] || [[#I|I]] || [[#J|J]] || [[#K|K]] || [[#L|L]] || [[#M|M]] ||[[#N|N]] || [[#O|O]] || [[#P|P]] || [[#Q|Q]] || [[#R|R]] || [[#S|S]] || [[#T|T]] || [[#U|U]] || [[#V|V]] || [[#W|W]] || [[#X|X]] || [[#Y|Y]] || [[#Z|Z]] || [[#ZZ|...]]
 
|}
 
|}
−
</center>
+
 
−
</big>
 
 
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
 
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
 +
 +
=== <big><span id="09">0-9</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*4DCT (see [[Time-resolved computed tomography]])
  
 
=== <big><span id="A">A</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="A">A</span></big> ===
  
−
* [[Absorption Type]]
+
*[[Absolute risk]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Absorbed dose]], D
 +
 
 +
*[[Absorbed fraction]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Absorption]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Accelerated fractionation]]
  
−
* [[Accelerated fractionation]]
+
*[[Acceptance test]]
  
−
* [[Acceptance test]]
+
*[[Access control]]
  
−
* [[Access Control]]
+
*[[Accountability]]
  
−
* [[Accountability]]
+
*[[Accreditation]]
  
 
*[[Action Level]]
 
*[[Action Level]]
 +
 +
*[[Activation]]
 +
 +
*[[Active detection system]]
  
 
*[[Active (red) bone marrow]]
 
*[[Active (red) bone marrow]]
  
−
*[[Activity median thermodynamic diameter ]]
+
*[[Activity]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Activity median thermodynamic diameter]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Acute exposure]]
  
−
*[[Acute Exposure]]
+
*Acute radiation sickness (see [[Acute radiation syndrome]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Additional dose]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Adaptive response]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Additive risk projection model]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Adenoma]]
  
 
*[[Adventitious]]
 
*[[Adventitious]]
  
−
*[[Adventitious Source]]
+
*[[Adventitious source]]
  
 
*[[Aerodynamic diameter ]]
 
*[[Aerodynamic diameter ]]
  
−
*[[Air-kerma rate constant ]]
+
*[[Air-kerma rate constant]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]]
  
 
*[[Air-kerma, entrance surface]]
 
*[[Air-kerma, entrance surface]]
Line 43: Line 83:
  
 
*[[Air-kerma, product]]
 
*[[Air-kerma, product]]
 +
 +
*[[ALARA]]
 +
 +
*ALI (see [[Annual limit on intake]])
  
 
*[[Alimentary tract]]
 
*[[Alimentary tract]]
  
 
*[[Alimentary tract transfer factor]]
 
*[[Alimentary tract transfer factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Allometry]]
  
 
*[[Alpha decay]]
 
*[[Alpha decay]]
  
−
*[[α/β ratio]]
+
*[[Alveolar-interstitial region]]
 +
 
 +
*AMAD (see [[Activity median aerodynamic diameter]])
  
−
*[[Alveolar-interstitial region]]
+
*[[Ambient dose equivalent]], H*(10)
 +
 
 +
*[[AML/eto]]
  
 
*[[Angiogenesis]]
 
*[[Angiogenesis]]
Line 59: Line 109:
  
 
*[[Annual dose]]
 
*[[Annual dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Annual intake]]
 +
 +
*[[Annual limit on intake]]
 +
 +
*[[Apoptosis]]
  
 
*[[Area monitoring]]
 
*[[Area monitoring]]
 +
 +
*ARS (see [[Acute radiation syndrome]])
 +
 +
*[[Attributable risk]]
  
 
*[[Auger transition]]
 
*[[Auger transition]]
  
−
*[[Authorised Discharge]]
+
*[[Authorised discharge]]
  
 
*[[Authorization]]
 
*[[Authorization]]
Line 71: Line 131:
  
 
*[[Autoimmune disease]]
 
*[[Autoimmune disease]]
 +
 +
*[[Automatic exposure control]]
  
 
*[[Autonomy]]
 
*[[Autonomy]]
−
 
−
*[[Avalanche]]
 
  
 
*[[Averted dose]]
 
*[[Averted dose]]
Line 82: Line 142:
 
*[[Background dose (rate)]]
 
*[[Background dose (rate)]]
  
−
*[[Backscatter Factor ]]
+
*[[Backscatter detection system]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Backscatter factor]]
  
 
*[[Basal cell]]
 
*[[Basal cell]]
 +
 +
*[[Baseline disease rates]]
 +
 +
*BAT (see [[Best available techniques]])
 +
 +
*Bcr/abl (see [[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]])
  
 
*[[Beneficence]]
 
*[[Beneficence]]
Line 90: Line 158:
 
*[[Benthic]]
 
*[[Benthic]]
  
−
*[[Best Available Techniques]]
+
*[[Best available techniques]]
  
 
*[[Beta-minus decay]]
 
*[[Beta-minus decay]]
Line 97: Line 165:
  
 
*[[Bioassay]]
 
*[[Bioassay]]
 +
 +
*[[Biological half-life]]
 +
 +
*[[Biomarker]]
  
 
*[[Biomedical research volunteer]]
 
*[[Biomedical research volunteer]]
Line 105: Line 177:
  
 
*[[Bradycardia]]
 
*[[Bradycardia]]
 +
 +
*[[Brachytherapy]]
  
 
*[[Branching fraction]]
 
*[[Branching fraction]]
 +
 +
*[[Bragg peak]]
 +
 +
*[[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]]
 +
 +
*[[Broad beam therapy irradiation technique]]
  
 
*[[Bronchial region]]
 
*[[Bronchial region]]
 +
 +
*[[Bronchiolar region]]
  
 
*[[Bystander effect]]
 
*[[Bystander effect]]
Line 114: Line 196:
 
=== <big><span id="C">C</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="C">C</span></big> ===
  
−
*[[Calibration]]
+
*CACA (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 +
 
 +
*CAFC (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 +
 
 +
*CBCT (see [[Cone beam computed tomography]])
  
 
*[[Cardiac arrhythmias]]
 
*[[Cardiac arrhythmias]]
Line 124: Line 210:
 
*[[Cardioverter-defibrillator]]
 
*[[Cardioverter-defibrillator]]
  
−
*[[Categories of exposure]]
+
*[[Carers and comforters]]
  
−
*[[Category of exposed individual]]
+
*[[Case–control study]]
  
 
*[[Cell death]]
 
*[[Cell death]]
 +
 +
*[[Charged-particle equilibrium]]
  
 
*[[Chronic exposure]]
 
*[[Chronic exposure]]
Line 137: Line 225:
  
 
*[[Class SR-2 gases]]
 
*[[Class SR-2 gases]]
 +
 +
*[[Clearance]]
  
 
*[[Clearance level]]
 
*[[Clearance level]]
 +
 +
*[[Clinical audit]]
  
 
*[[Clonogenic cells]]
 
*[[Clonogenic cells]]
  
 
*[[Clonogenic survival]]
 
*[[Clonogenic survival]]
 +
 +
*[[Clonogenic surviving fraction]]
 +
 +
*Cobblestone area cell assay (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 +
 +
*[[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]]
 +
 +
*[[Collective dose]]
  
 
*[[Co-expertise]]
 
*[[Co-expertise]]
 +
 +
*[[Cohort study]]
 +
 +
*[[Collective dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Collective effective dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Collimation]]
  
 
*[[Colony]]
 
*[[Colony]]
 +
 +
*[[Commissioning]]
  
 
*[[Committed effective dose]]
 
*[[Committed effective dose]]
Line 152: Line 262:
 
*[[Committed equivalent dose]]
 
*[[Committed equivalent dose]]
  
−
*[[Commodity]]
+
*[[Compartment]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Compartment (environmental)]]
  
 
*[[Complex tissues]]
 
*[[Complex tissues]]
Line 158: Line 270:
 
*[[Computed tomography dose index]]
 
*[[Computed tomography dose index]]
  
−
*[[Conditional renewing (complex or flexible) tissues]]
+
*[[Concentration ratio]]
  
−
*[[Confidence limits]]
+
*[[Cone beam computed tomography]]
−
 
 
−
*[[Confinement]]
 
  
 
*[[Connective tissue]]
 
*[[Connective tissue]]
Line 170: Line 280:
 
*[[Constancy test]]
 
*[[Constancy test]]
  
−
*[[Consumer product]]
+
*[[Containment]]
  
 
*[[Contamination]]
 
*[[Contamination]]
  
−
*[[Control measures]]
+
*[[Coronary heart disease]]
  
−
*[[Coronary heart disease/congestive heart disease]]
+
*[[Cosmic radiation]]
−
 
 
−
*[[Cortical (bone) marrow]]
 
  
 
*[[Cost-benefit analysis]]
 
*[[Cost-benefit analysis]]
  
 
*[[Coster-Kronig transition]]
 
*[[Coster-Kronig transition]]
 +
 +
*CR (see [[Concentration ratio]])
 +
 +
*[[Cross section]]
 +
 +
*Cumulative air kerma (see [[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]])
 +
 +
*[[Cumulative dose]]
  
 
*[[Curie]]
 
*[[Curie]]
Line 189: Line 305:
  
 
=== <big><span id="D">D</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="D">D</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*DAC (see [[Derived air concentration]])
 +
 +
*DBT (see [[Digital breast tomosynthesis]])
 +
 +
*DCRL (see [[Derived consideration reference level]])
 +
 +
*DD (see [[Doubling dose]])
 +
 +
*DDI, detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]])
 +
 +
*DIL (see [[Derived investigation level]])
 +
 +
*DDREF (see [[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]])
  
 
*[[Decay constant]]
 
*[[Decay constant]]
Line 198: Line 328:
 
*[[Decontamination factor]]
 
*[[Decontamination factor]]
  
−
*[[Defence-in-depth]]
+
*[[Dental and maxillofacial imaging]]
  
 
*[[Deontological Ethics]]
 
*[[Deontological Ethics]]
 +
 +
*[[Deposition]] (inhalation)
 +
 +
*[[Derived air concentration]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived consideration reference level]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived investigation level]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived limit]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived reference level]]
 +
 +
*[[Designated area]]
 +
 +
*Detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]])
 +
 +
*[[Detector quantum efficiency]]
 +
 +
*[[Deterministic effect]]
 +
 +
*[[Detriment]]
 +
 +
*[[Detriment-adjusted risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Diagnostic reference level]]
  
 
*[[Diastasis]]
 
*[[Diastasis]]
 +
 +
*[[Dicentric chromosome]]
  
 
*[[Dichotomous]]
 
*[[Dichotomous]]
  
 
*[[Differentiation]]
 
*[[Differentiation]]
 +
 +
*[[Digital breast tomosynthesis]]
  
 
*[[Dignity]]
 
*[[Dignity]]
  
 
*[[Direct bioassay]]
 
*[[Direct bioassay]]
 +
 +
*[[Directional dose equivalent]] H’(d,Ω)
  
 
*[[Disposal]]
 
*[[Disposal]]
  
−
*[[Disposal Facility]]
+
*[[Disposal facility]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Distribution coefficient]] (''K<sub>d</sub>'')
 +
 
 +
*DLP (see [[Dose-length product]])
  
 
*[[DNA damage signalling]]
 
*[[DNA damage signalling]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose]] (of ionising radiation)
 +
 +
*[[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose coefficient]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose commitment]]
  
 
*[[Dose constraint]]
 
*[[Dose constraint]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose conversion coefficient]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose conversion convention]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose conversion factor]]
  
 
*[[Dose criteria]]
 
*[[Dose criteria]]
  
−
*[[Dose equivalent in an organ or tissue]]
+
*[[Dose equivalent]] in an organ or tissue
  
 
*[[Dose limit]]
 
*[[Dose limit]]
  
−
*[[Dose Modifying Factor]]
+
*[[Dose modifying factor]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose of record (E)]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose of record Hp (10)]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose per content function]]
  
 
*[[Dose per unit intake coefficient]]
 
*[[Dose per unit intake coefficient]]
Line 234: Line 420:
 
*[[Dose rate effectiveness factor]]
 
*[[Dose rate effectiveness factor]]
  
−
*[[Dosemeter/dosimeter]]
+
*[[Dose-length product]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose-threshold hypothesis]]
  
 
*[[Dose-rate effect]]
 
*[[Dose-rate effect]]
  
−
*[[Dose–response function ]]
+
*[[Dose-response function]]
  
 
*[[Dose-threshold]]
 
*[[Dose-threshold]]
  
−
*[[Dosimetrists]]
+
*[[Doubling dose]]
 +
 
 +
*DQE (see [[Detector quantum efficiency]])
 +
 
 +
*DRL (see [[Diagnostic reference level]])
 +
 
 +
*[[DRL process]]
 +
 
 +
*[[DRL quantity]]
 +
 
 +
*[[DRL value]]
 +
 
 +
*[[DS02]]
  
−
*[[Dysrhythmia]]
+
*[[DS86]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="E">E</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="E">E</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*EAR (see [[Excess absolute risk]])
  
 
*[[Early normal tissue responses]]
 
*[[Early normal tissue responses]]
 +
 +
*[[Edema]]
  
 
*[[Effect Dose 50 ]]
 
*[[Effect Dose 50 ]]
 +
 +
*[[Effect modifier]]
  
 
*[[Effective charge number]]
 
*[[Effective charge number]]
 +
 +
*[[Effective dose]], E
  
 
*[[Effective dose equivalent]]
 
*[[Effective dose equivalent]]
  
 
*[[Effective half-life]]
 
*[[Effective half-life]]
 +
 +
*EI (see [[Exposure index]])
  
 
*[[Electron-capture decay]]
 
*[[Electron-capture decay]]
  
 
*[[Electrophysiology]]
 
*[[Electrophysiology]]
 +
 +
*[[Elemental dose]]
 +
 +
*ELR (i.e. Excess Lifetime Risk, see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
 
*[[Emergency]]
 
*[[Emergency]]
Line 272: Line 486:
 
*[[Emergency procedures]]
 
*[[Emergency procedures]]
  
−
*[[Emergency Worker]]  
+
*[[Employer]]
  
 
*[[Endogeneous excretion]]
 
*[[Endogeneous excretion]]
 +
 +
*Endosteal tissue (see [[Endosteum]])
 +
 +
*[[Endosteum]]
  
 
*[[Environmental exposure]]
 
*[[Environmental exposure]]
  
 
*[[Environmental radiation protection]]
 
*[[Environmental radiation protection]]
 +
 +
*[[Epigenetic effects]]
  
 
*[[Epithelium]]
 
*[[Epithelium]]
 +
 +
*[[Equieffective dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Equilibrium equivalent concentration]]
 +
 +
*[[Equilibrium factor]]
  
 
*[[Equity]]
 
*[[Equity]]
  
 
*[[Equivalent dose]]
 
*[[Equivalent dose]]
 +
 +
*ERR (see [[Excess relative risk]])
  
 
*[[Erythropoietin]]
 
*[[Erythropoietin]]
Line 290: Line 518:
 
*[[Ethics]]
 
*[[Ethics]]
  
−
*[[Event tree analysis]]
+
*[[Evacuation]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Excess absolute risk]]
 +
 
 +
*Excess lifetime risk (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Excess relative risk]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Excretion rate (instantaneous)]]
  
−
*[[Excretion rate]]
+
*[[Exclusion]]
  
 
*[[Exempt waste]]
 
*[[Exempt waste]]
Line 299: Line 535:
  
 
*[[Existing exposure situation]]
 
*[[Existing exposure situation]]
 +
 +
*[[Exogenous excretion]]
 +
 +
*[[Expanded and aligned radiation field]]
 +
 +
*[[Expanded radiation field]]
  
 
*[[Exponential survival curve]]
 
*[[Exponential survival curve]]
 +
 +
*[[Exposed individuals]]
  
 
*[[Exposure, external or internal]]
 
*[[Exposure, external or internal]]
  
−
*[[Exposure Pathway]]
+
*[[Exposure (in the context of inhalation)]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Exposure index]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Exposure pathway]]
  
 
*[[Exposure situation]]
 
*[[Exposure situation]]
Line 313: Line 561:
  
 
*[[Fairness]]
 
*[[Fairness]]
−
 
−
*[[Fault tree analysis]]
 
  
 
*[[Field-size effect (Volume effect)]]
 
*[[Field-size effect (Volume effect)]]
  
 
*[[Flexible tissues]]
 
*[[Flexible tissues]]
 +
 +
*[[Fluence]], Φ
  
 
*[[Fluoroscopically guided interventions]]
 
*[[Fluoroscopically guided interventions]]
 +
 +
*[[Fluoroscopically or computed tomography guided interventions]]
  
 
*[[Forbiddenness]]
 
*[[Forbiddenness]]
 +
 +
*[[Fractional absorption in the gastrointestinal tract]], f<sub>1</sub>
  
 
*[[Fractionation]]
 
*[[Fractionation]]
 +
 +
*[[Fractionation and dose delivery patterns]]
  
 
*[[Fractionation sensitivity]]
 
*[[Fractionation sensitivity]]
 +
 +
*[[Frequent flyer]]
 +
 +
*FSU (see [[Functional subunits]])
 +
 +
*[[Functional subunits]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="G">G</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="G">G</span></big> ===
Line 334: Line 594:
 
*[[Gamma ray]]
 
*[[Gamma ray]]
  
−
*[[Gastrointestinal]]
+
*[[Gastrointestinal syndrome]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Gastrulation]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Gastroschisis]]
  
−
*[[Gastrointestinal syndrome]]
+
*[[GATA binding protein 2]]
 +
 
 +
*GATA-2 (see [[GATA binding protein 2]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Genomic integrity]]
 +
 
 +
*Geomagnetic cut-off rigidity (see [[Rigidity threshold]])
  
 
*[[Graded approach]]
 
*[[Graded approach]]
 +
 +
*[[Graft vs host disease]]
  
 
*[[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]
 
*[[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]
  
 
*[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]
 
*[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Gray]] (Gy)
 +
 +
*[[Ground-level enhancement]]
 +
 +
*[[Growth factor]]
  
 
*[[Growth fraction]]
 
*[[Growth fraction]]
Line 355: Line 633:
  
 
*[[Half-life, physical]]
 
*[[Half-life, physical]]
 +
 +
*HATM (see [[Human Alimentary Tract Model]])
  
 
*[[Hazard]]
 
*[[Hazard]]
Line 361: Line 641:
  
 
*[[Heliosphere]]
 
*[[Heliosphere]]
 +
 +
*[[Hereditary effect]]
  
 
*[[Hierarchical tissues]]
 
*[[Hierarchical tissues]]
  
 
*[[High level waste]]
 
*[[High level waste]]
 +
 +
*[[High linear energy transfer radiation]]
 +
 +
*[[Homologous recombination]]
  
 
*[[Hormones]]
 
*[[Hormones]]
  
−
*[[Human Respiratory Tract Model ]]
+
*[[Hounsfield unit]]
 +
 
 +
*HRTM (see [[Human Respiratory Tract Model]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Human Alimentary Tract Model]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Human Respiratory Tract Model]]
  
 
*[[Hyperbaric oxygen]]
 
*[[Hyperbaric oxygen]]
 +
 +
*[[Hyperfractionation]]
  
 
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
 
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
Line 377: Line 671:
  
 
=== <big><span id="I">I</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="I">I</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[ICRU 4-element tissue]]
 +
 +
*[[ICRU sphere]]
  
 
*[[Immune system]]
 
*[[Immune system]]
  
−
*[[In vivo measurement]]
+
*IMRT (see [[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]])
 +
 
 +
*[[In vivo radiobioassay]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Incidence]]
  
−
*[[Inactive (bone) marrow]]
+
*Incidence rate (see [[Incidence]])
  
 
*[[Incident]]
 
*[[Incident]]
Line 390: Line 692:
 
*[[Individual decontamination]]
 
*[[Individual decontamination]]
  
−
*[[Individual dose restriction]]
+
*[[Individual monitoring]]
  
−
*[[Individual monitoring]]
+
*[[Individual-related]]
  
−
*[[Informed Consent]]
+
*[[Induced genomic instability]]
  
−
*[[Ingestion exposure planning zone]]
+
*[[Informed consent]]
  
 
*[[Inhalability]]
 
*[[Inhalability]]
Line 403: Line 705:
  
 
*[[Institutional control]]
 
*[[Institutional control]]
 +
 +
*[[Intervention]]
 +
 +
*[[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]]
 +
 +
*[[Intake]]
  
 
*[[Intermediate level waste]]
 
*[[Intermediate level waste]]
Line 415: Line 723:
  
 
*[[Investigation level]]
 
*[[Investigation level]]
−
 
−
*[[Iodine prophylaxis]]
 
  
 
*[[Iso-effect plots]]
 
*[[Iso-effect plots]]
−
 
−
*[[Isolation]]
 
  
 
*[[Isomers]]
 
*[[Isomers]]
Line 436: Line 740:
 
=== <big><span id="K">K</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="K">K</span></big> ===
  
 +
*[[Kerma]], K
 +
 +
*[[Kerma approximation]]
  
 
*[[Kp index]]
 
*[[Kp index]]
  
 +
=== <big><span id="L">L</span></big> ===
  
−
=== <big><span id="L">L</span></big> ===
+
*[[Lag]]
  
 +
*[[Late normal tissue responses]]
  
 
*[[Latent time/period or latency interval]]
 
*[[Latent time/period or latency interval]]
  
−
*[[Legal person]]
+
*[[LD 50/30|LD<sub>50/30</sub>]]
  
−
*[[Legislators]]
+
*LET (see [[Linear energy transfer]])
  
−
*[[Limit]]
+
*[[Licensee]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Life Span Study]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Lifetime risk]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Lifetime risk estimates]]
  
 
*[[Limitation of dose]]
 
*[[Limitation of dose]]
Line 455: Line 770:
 
*[[Lineal energy]]
 
*[[Lineal energy]]
  
−
*[[Linear no-threshold hypothesis]]
+
*[[Linear dose response]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Linear energy transfer]]
  
 
*[[Linear-non-threshold model]]
 
*[[Linear-non-threshold model]]
 +
 +
*[[Linear-quadratic dose response model]]
 +
 +
*LLE (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
 +
 +
*[[Local DRL]]
 +
 +
*Loss of Life Expectancy (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
 
*[[Low Earth orbit]]
 
*[[Low Earth orbit]]
 +
 +
*[[Low dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Low dose rate]]
  
 
*[[Low level waste]]
 
*[[Low level waste]]
  
−
*[[Low toxicity alpha emitter]]
+
*[[Low linear energy transfer radiation]]
  
−
*[[Lung absorption type]]
+
*LSS (see [[Life Span Study]])
  
 
*[[Lymphatic system]]
 
*[[Lymphatic system]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="M">M</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="M">M</span></big> ===
−
 
  
 
*[[Macrophage colony stimulating factor]]
 
*[[Macrophage colony stimulating factor]]
  
 
*[[Magnetosphere]]
 
*[[Magnetosphere]]
 +
 +
*[[Marrow cellularity]]
 +
 +
*[[Mass median diameter]]
 +
 +
*MDCT (see [[Multi-detector computed tomography]])
 +
 +
*[[Mean glandular dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Measured quantity]]
  
 
*[[Medical exposure]]
 
*[[Medical exposure]]
−
 
−
*[[Medical intervention]]
 
  
 
*[[Member of the public]]
 
*[[Member of the public]]
Line 484: Line 820:
 
*[[Mendelian diseases]]
 
*[[Mendelian diseases]]
  
−
*[[Minimum significant activity]]
+
*[[Mitigation]]
 +
 
 +
*MMD (see [[Mass median diameter]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Molecular imaging]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Multifactorial diseases]]
  
−
*[[Mitigation]]
+
*[[Multiplicative risk projection model]]
  
−
*[[Monitoring]]
+
*[[Multistage carcinogenesis model]]
  
 
*[[Multistage tumorigenesis]]
 
*[[Multistage tumorigenesis]]
 +
 +
*[[Multitarget equation]]
 +
 +
*[[Multi-detector computed tomography]]
 +
 +
*[[Mutation component]]
  
 
*[[Myocardial perfusion]]
 
*[[Myocardial perfusion]]
 +
 +
*[[Myocardial stress test]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="N">N</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="N">N</span></big> ===
  
 +
*[[National radon survey]]
  
−
*[[Nasal Augmenter]]
+
*[[National DRL]]
−
 
 
−
*[[Natural background]]
 
−
 
 
−
*[[Natural environment]]
 
  
 
*[[Naturally occurring radioactive material]]
 
*[[Naturally occurring radioactive material]]
Line 510: Line 857:
  
 
*[[Neurovascular syndrome]]
 
*[[Neurovascular syndrome]]
 +
 +
*NHEJ (see [[Non-homologous end joining]])
 +
 +
*[[Noise]] (in imaging)
 +
 +
*[[Nominal value]]
 +
 +
*[[Nominal risk coefficient]]
 +
 +
*[[Non-homologous end joining]]
  
 
*[[Non-maleficence]]
 
*[[Non-maleficence]]
  
 
*[[Non-sphericity parameter]]
 
*[[Non-sphericity parameter]]
 +
 +
*[[Non-targeted effects]]
 +
 +
*[[Normal tissue complication probability]]
 +
 +
*[[Notification value]] (in CT)
 +
 +
*[[Nuclear medicine]]
  
 
*[[Nuclear track detectors]]
 
*[[Nuclear track detectors]]
Line 519: Line 884:
 
=== <big><span id="O">O</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="O">O</span></big> ===
  
 +
*OAR (see [[Organ at risk]])
 +
 +
*[[Occupancy factor]]
  
 
*[[Occupational exposure]]
 
*[[Occupational exposure]]
  
−
*[[Occupationally exposed worker]]
+
*OEA (see [[Oxygen enhancement ratio]])
  
−
*[[Oedema]]
+
*[[OLINDA/EXM]]
  
−
*[[Operational intervention level]]
+
*[[Oncogene]]
  
−
*[[Operational monitoring]]
+
*[[Operating management]]
  
−
*[[Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters]]
+
*[[Operational quantity]]
  
 
*[[Optimisation]]
 
*[[Optimisation]]
 +
 +
*[[Optimisation of protection]]
 +
 +
*Organ absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])
 +
 +
*[[Organ at risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Organ dose equivalent]]
 +
 +
*[[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Other (systemic) tissues]]
  
 
*[[Orphan source]]
 
*[[Orphan source]]
  
 
*[[Oversight]]
 
*[[Oversight]]
 +
 +
*[[Oxygen enhancement ratio]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="P">P</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="P">P</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*Particle fluence (see [[Fluence]])
 +
 +
*[[Particle transport]] (in biokinetics)
  
 
*[[Particle radiance]]
 
*[[Particle radiance]]
−
 
−
*[[Patient]]
 
  
 
*[[Patient entrance reference point]]
 
*[[Patient entrance reference point]]
Line 549: Line 933:
  
 
*[[Pelagic]]
 
*[[Pelagic]]
 +
 +
*[[Pencil beam]]
  
 
*[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]
 
*[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]
Line 554: Line 940:
 
*[[Pericarditis]]
 
*[[Pericarditis]]
  
−
*[[Personal air sampling]]
+
*[[Personal dose equivalent]], H<sub>p</sub>(d)
  
−
*[[Personal/Individual Monitoring]]
+
*[[Phantom]]
  
 
*[[Pharynx]]
 
*[[Pharynx]]
 +
 +
*[[Pilomatricoma]]
  
 
*[[Planned exposure situation]]
 
*[[Planned exposure situation]]
Line 564: Line 952:
 
*[[Platelet-derived growth factor]]
 
*[[Platelet-derived growth factor]]
  
−
*[[Poisson distribution]]
+
*PLDR (see [[Potentially lethal damage repair]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Pooled analysis]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Population risk]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Potential alpha energy concentration]]
  
 
*[[Potential exposure]]
 
*[[Potential exposure]]
 +
 +
*[[Potential recoverability correction factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Potentially lethal damage repair]]
  
 
*[[Practical radiological protection culture]]
 
*[[Practical radiological protection culture]]
  
−
*[[Precautionary principle]]
+
*[[Practice]]
  
−
*[[Precautionary principle]]
+
*PRCF (see [[Potential recoverability correction factor]])
  
 
*[[Prevailing circumstances]]
 
*[[Prevailing circumstances]]
−
 
−
*[[Primary limit]]
 
  
 
*[[Principle of application of dose limits]]
 
*[[Principle of application of dose limits]]
Line 583: Line 979:
  
 
*[[Principle of optimisation]]
 
*[[Principle of optimisation]]
 +
 +
*[[Principles of protection]]
  
 
*[[Procedural values]]
 
*[[Procedural values]]
Line 592: Line 990:
 
*[[Projected dose]]
 
*[[Projected dose]]
  
−
*[[Prophylaxis]]
+
*[[Protection quantities]]
−
 
 
−
*[[Prospective dose assessment]]
 
  
 
*[[Protection strategy]]
 
*[[Protection strategy]]
Line 601: Line 997:
  
 
*[[Protective action guide]]
 
*[[Protective action guide]]
−
 
−
*[[Protective clothing]]
 
  
 
*[[Prudence]]
 
*[[Prudence]]
Line 609: Line 1,003:
  
 
=== <big><span id="Q">Q</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="Q">Q</span></big> ===
−
 
  
 
*[[Qualified expert]]
 
*[[Qualified expert]]
  
−
=== <big><span id="R">R</span></big> ===
+
*[[Quality control testing]] (x-ray equipment)
  
−
*[[Rad]]
+
*[[Quality factor]], Q(L)
  
−
*[[Radiation belt]]
+
*[[Quasi-threshold dose]]
  
−
*[[Radiation detriment]]
+
=== <big><span id="R">R</span></big> ===
  
−
*[[Radiation dose]]
+
*[[Radiation belt]]
  
−
*[[Radiation level]]
+
*Radiation detriment (see [[Detriment]])
  
 
*[[Radiation modifier]]
 
*[[Radiation modifier]]
  
−
*[[Radiation protection programme]]
+
*[[Radiation risk]]
  
 
*[[Radiation safety officer]]
 
*[[Radiation safety officer]]
  
−
*[[Radiation Source]]
+
*[[Radiation source]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation weighting factor]], w<sub>R</sub>
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation-induced second cancer]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]]
  
 
*[[Radiation worker]]
 
*[[Radiation worker]]
−
 
−
*[[Radioactive contamination]]
 
  
 
*[[Radioactive dispersion device]]
 
*[[Radioactive dispersion device]]
Line 642: Line 1,039:
  
 
*[[Radioactive substance]]
 
*[[Radioactive substance]]
 +
 +
*[[Radioactive waste]]
  
 
*[[Radioactivity]]
 
*[[Radioactivity]]
Line 649: Line 1,048:
 
*[[Radiographer]]
 
*[[Radiographer]]
  
−
*[[Radiological Controlled Area]]
+
*[[Radiological attack]]
  
−
*[[Radiological practice in medicine]]
+
*[[Radiological controlled area]]
  
 
*[[Radiological protection principles]]
 
*[[Radiological protection principles]]
−
 
−
*[[Radiological survey]]
 
  
 
*[[Radionuclides of natural origin]]
 
*[[Radionuclides of natural origin]]
Line 664: Line 1,061:
  
 
*[[Radiosensitivity, cellular]]
 
*[[Radiosensitivity, cellular]]
 +
 +
*[[Radon progeny]]
 +
 +
*[[Radon-prone area]]
 +
 +
*RAP (see [[Reference Animal and Plant]])
 +
 +
*[[Ras]]
 +
 +
*[[Rb]]
 +
 +
*RBE (see [[Relative biological effectiveness]])
 +
 +
*[[Reactive oxygen species]]
  
 
*[[Reasonableness]]
 
*[[Reasonableness]]
−
 
−
*[[Recording level]]
 
  
 
*[[Recovery]]
 
*[[Recovery]]
Line 673: Line 1,082:
 
*[[Recovery responder]]
 
*[[Recovery responder]]
  
−
*[[Red (bone) marrow]]
+
*[[Recovery (cellular or tissue)]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Redox]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference air kerma]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference Animal and Plant]]
  
 
*[[Reference bioassay function]]
 
*[[Reference bioassay function]]
  
 
*[[Reference biokinetic model]]
 
*[[Reference biokinetic model]]
 +
 +
*[[Referrer]]
 +
 +
*Reference female (see [[Reference Person]])
 +
 +
*[[Reference individual]]
  
 
*[[Reference level]]
 
*[[Reference level]]
  
−
*[[Reference Man]]
+
*Reference male (see [[Reference Person]])
  
−
*[[Regulation]]
+
*[[Reference parameter value]]
  
−
*[[Regulator]]
+
*[[Reference Person]]
  
−
*[[Rehabilitation]]
+
*[[Reference phantom]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference value]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference worker]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Region]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Regional diagnostic reference levels]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Registry]]
 +
 
 +
*REID (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Rigidity threshold]]
  
 
*[[Rehabilitation of living conditions]]
 
*[[Rehabilitation of living conditions]]
 +
 +
*[[Relative biological effectiveness]]
 +
 +
*[[Relative life lost]]
 +
 +
*[[Relative risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Relative survival]]
  
 
*[[Relocation]]
 
*[[Relocation]]
−
 
−
*[[Rem]]
 
  
 
*[[Remedial action]]
 
*[[Remedial action]]
Line 711: Line 1,152:
 
*[[Respiratory protection]]
 
*[[Respiratory protection]]
  
−
*[[Retention function]]
+
*Response function (see [[Dose-response function]])
  
 
*[[Retrievability]]
 
*[[Retrievability]]
−
 
−
*[[Retrospective dose assessment]]
 
  
 
*[[Reversibility]]
 
*[[Reversibility]]
Line 725: Line 1,164:
 
*[[Rigidity]]
 
*[[Rigidity]]
  
−
*[[Risk constraint]]
+
*[[Ring chromosome]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Risk]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Risk coefficient]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Risk model]]
 +
 
 +
*RISM (see [[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]])
  
−
*[[Roentgen]]
+
*Risk of exposure-induced death (see (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
 +
 
 +
*ROS (see [[Reactive oxygen species]])
  
 
*[[Routine monitoring]]
 
*[[Routine monitoring]]
 +
 +
*RR (see [[Relative risk]])
  
 
=== <big><span id="S">S</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="S">S</span></big> ===
  
−
*[[Safety analysis]]
+
*[[S coefficient (radiation weighted)]]
 +
 
 +
*SAF (see [[Specific absorbed fraction]])
  
 
*[[Safety case]]
 
*[[Safety case]]
 +
 +
*[[Safety]]
  
 
*[[Safety culture]]
 
*[[Safety culture]]
  
 
*[[Scintigraphy]]
 
*[[Scintigraphy]]
 +
 +
*[[Sealed source]]
 +
 +
*[[Secondary radiation]]
 +
 +
*[[Secretory cells]]
 +
 +
*[[Security]]
 +
 +
*[[Security screening]]
 +
 +
*SEE (see [[Specific effective energy]]]
  
 
*[[Self-help protection]]
 
*[[Self-help protection]]
  
−
*[[Semelparous]]
+
*[[Senescence]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Severe deterministic injury]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Sheltering]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Shielding]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Sievert]] (Sv)
 +
 
 +
*[[Size-specific dose estimate]]
  
−
*[[Senescence]]
+
*SLDR (see [[Sublethal damage repair]])
  
−
*[[Sensitivity analysis]]
+
*[[Slice]] (in CT & CBCT)
  
 
*[[Slow repair]]
 
*[[Slow repair]]
  
−
*[[Soft tissue]]
+
*SOBP (see [[Spread-out Bragg peak]])
  
 
*[[Solar cosmic radiation]]
 
*[[Solar cosmic radiation]]
  
 
*[[Solar cycle]]
 
*[[Solar cycle]]
 +
 +
*[[Solar flare]]
  
 
*[[Solar particle event]]
 
*[[Solar particle event]]
Line 761: Line 1,240:
 
*[[Solar wind]]
 
*[[Solar wind]]
  
−
*[[Source monitoring]]
+
*[[Somatic effect]]
 +
 
 +
*Source (see [[Radiation source]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Source region]]
  
 
*[[Source term]]
 
*[[Source term]]
  
 
*[[Source-related]]
 
*[[Source-related]]
 +
 +
*[[Source-related assessment]]
  
 
*[[South Atlantic anomaly]]  
 
*[[South Atlantic anomaly]]  
Line 771: Line 1,256:
 
*[[Special (non-routine) monitoring]]
 
*[[Special (non-routine) monitoring]]
  
−
*[[Species]]
+
*[[Specific absorbed fraction]]
  
−
*[[Specific activity]]
+
*[[Specific effective energy]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Spongiosa]]
  
 
*[[Spontaneous fission]]
 
*[[Spontaneous fission]]
 +
 +
*[[Spread-out Bragg peak]]
  
 
*[[Stakeholder]]
 
*[[Stakeholder]]
 +
 +
*[[Standard-size adult]]
 +
 +
*[[Stem cell]]
  
 
*[[Stenosis]]
 
*[[Stenosis]]
 +
 +
*[[Stochastic effect]]
  
 
*[[Storage]]
 
*[[Storage]]
  
−
*[[Stress test]]
+
*[[Subcutaneous tissue]]
  
−
*[[Stroke]]
+
*[[Sublethal damage repair]]
−
 
 
−
*[[Subcutaneous tissue]]
 
  
 
*[[Substantial radiation dose level]]
 
*[[Substantial radiation dose level]]
  
−
*[[Supervised Area]]
+
*[[Superposition principle]] (in dosimetry)
  
−
*[[Syndrome]]
+
*[[Supervised area]]
  
−
*[[System of radiological protection]]
+
*[[Surface contamination]]
  
 
*[[Systemic model]]
 
*[[Systemic model]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="T">T</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="T">T</span></big> ===
−
 
  
 
*[[Tachycardia]]
 
*[[Tachycardia]]
  
−
*[[Target cell]]
+
*[[Target region]]
  
 
*[[Target tissue]]
 
*[[Target tissue]]
  
−
*[[Task-related monitoring]]
+
*[[Targeted effects]]
  
 
*[[Telangiectasia]]
 
*[[Telangiectasia]]
 +
 +
*[[Teratocarcinoma]]
  
 
*[[Thermodynamic diameter]]
 
*[[Thermodynamic diameter]]
  
−
*[[Thermoluminescence detector]]  
+
*[[Thoracic airways]]
  
−
*[[Thoron]]
+
*[[Threshold dose for tissue reactions]]
  
−
*[[Threshold dose for tissue reactions]]
+
*[[Threshold level]]
 +
 
 +
*Tissue absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Thoron progeny]]
  
 
*[[Thyroid blocking]]
 
*[[Thyroid blocking]]
  
 
*[[Time factor]]
 
*[[Time factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Time-resolved computed tomography]]
  
 
*[[Tissue equivalent material]]
 
*[[Tissue equivalent material]]
 +
 +
*[[Tissue reaction]]
 +
 +
*[[Tissue weighting factor]]
  
 
*[[Tolerability]]
 
*[[Tolerability]]
  
−
*[[Total dose]]
+
*[[Tolerance dose]] (in Radiotherapy)
  
−
*[[Trabecular (bone) marrow]]
+
*[[Track structure]]
  
−
*[[Track structure]]
+
*[[Transfer compartment]]
  
−
*[[Transfer coefficient]]
+
*[[Transfer of risk]]
  
−
*[[Transfer compartment]]
+
*[[Transfer rate]]
  
 
*[[Transforming growth factor]]
 
*[[Transforming growth factor]]
  
−
*[[Transit cells]]
+
*[[Transgenerational effect]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Translocation]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Transmission detection system]]
  
 
*[[Transparency]]
 
*[[Transparency]]
 +
 +
*Transport of risk (see [[Transfer of risk]])
 +
 +
*[[Tumour suppressor gene]]
  
 
*[[Trapped particles]]
 
*[[Trapped particles]]
  
−
*[[Type F materials]]
+
*[[Treatment preparation in radiotherapy]]
  
−
*[[Type M materials]]
+
*[[Trophic level]]
  
−
*[[Type of exposure situations]]
+
*[[Types of materials]]
  
−
*[[Type S materials]]
+
*[[Typical value]] (for DRL)
−
 
 
−
*[[Type V materials]]
 
  
 
=== <big><span id="U">U</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="U">U</span></big> ===
  
 +
*[[Unattached fraction]]
  
 
*[[Unsealed source]]
 
*[[Unsealed source]]
 +
 +
*[[Upper reference levels]]
 +
 +
*[[Uptake]]
  
 
*[[Utilitarian ethics]]
 
*[[Utilitarian ethics]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="V">V</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="V">V</span></big> ===
−
 
  
 
*[[Value judgement]]
 
*[[Value judgement]]
Line 871: Line 1,385:
  
 
*[[Virtue ethics]]
 
*[[Virtue ethics]]
 +
 +
*[[Voxel phantom]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="W">W</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="W">W</span></big> ===
Line 876: Line 1,392:
 
*[[Waste disposal]]
 
*[[Waste disposal]]
  
−
*[[Weighted CTDI]]
+
*[[Waste management]]
  
−
*[[Whole body counter]]
+
*[[Wisdom]]
  
−
*[[Wisdom]]
+
*WL (see [[Working level]])
 +
 
 +
*WLM (see [[Working level month]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Worker]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Working level]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Working level month]]
 +
 
 +
*w<sub>T</sub> (see [[Tissue weighting factor]])
  
−
*[[Workers' health surveillance]]
+
*w<sub>R</sub> (see [[Radiation weighting factor]])
  
 
=== <big><span id="X">X</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="X">X</span></big> ===
Line 892: Line 1,418:
 
=== <big><span id="Y">Y</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="Y">Y</span></big> ===
  
−
*[[Yellow (bone) marrow]]
+
=== <big><span id="Z">Z</span></big> ===
 +
 
 +
=== <big><span id="ZZ">...</span></big> ===
 +
 
 +
*[[α/β value]]
 +
 
 +
*α/β ratio (see [[α/β value]])
 +
 
 +
*[[γH2AX foci]]
  
 
<div>
 
<div>

Latest revision as of 14:37, 3 October 2021

Glossary Header-left2.png

The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. Some entries include historical descriptions to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.

It is a living document, updated regularly.

Many ICRP publications feature their own glossaries including, for example, highly specialized terms relevant to that specific publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing new terms to be added to the ICRP Glossary.

Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in ICRP publications.

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