Difference between revisions of "ICRP Glossary"

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__NOTOC__
 
__NOTOC__
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[[File:Glossary Header-left2.png|800px|frameless|left|link=ICRP Glossary]]
+
[[File:Glossary Header-left2.png|800px|frameless|none|link=ICRP Glossary]]
  
 +
The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. Some entries include historical descriptions to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.
  
 +
It is a living document, updated regularly.
  
 +
Many ICRP publications feature their own glossaries including, for example, highly specialized terms relevant to that specific publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing new terms to be added to the ICRP Glossary.
  
−
 
+
Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in [[ICRP publications]].
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. It is a living document, updated regularly. Each entry shows the date it was last updated, and some include past glossary entries to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.
 
−
 
 
−
Many ICRP publications have included their own glossaries. The ICRP Glossary includes most of the terms in these other glossaries, many with updated entries. ICRP publications will continue to have their own glossaries when necessary, for example for highly specialized terms relevant to a single publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing a new term which would also be added to the ICRP Glossary.
 
−
 
 
−
Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in ICRP publications.
 
−
 
 
−
The ICRP Glossary shown here comprises some 400 terms. Entries for an additional approximately 400 terms are being added progressively.
 
  
 
----
 
----
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[#A|A]] || [[#B|B]]  || [[#C|C]]|| [[#D|D]] || [[#E|E]] || [[#F|F]] || [[#G|G]] || [[#H|H]] || [[#I|I]] || [[#J|J]] || [[#K|K]] || [[#L|L]] || [[#M|M]] ||[[#N|N]] || [[#O|O]] || [[#P|P]] || [[#Q|Q]] || [[#R|R]] || [[#S|S]] || [[#T|T]] || [[#U|U]] || [[#V|V]] || [[#W|W]] || [[#X|X]] || [[#Y|Y]] || [[#Z|Z]] || [[#ZZ|...]]
+
| [[#09|0-9]] || [[#A|A]] || [[#B|B]]  || [[#C|C]]|| [[#D|D]] || [[#E|E]] || [[#F|F]] || [[#G|G]] || [[#H|H]] || [[#I|I]] || [[#J|J]] || [[#K|K]] || [[#L|L]] || [[#M|M]] ||[[#N|N]] || [[#O|O]] || [[#P|P]] || [[#Q|Q]] || [[#R|R]] || [[#S|S]] || [[#T|T]] || [[#U|U]] || [[#V|V]] || [[#W|W]] || [[#X|X]] || [[#Y|Y]] || [[#Z|Z]] || [[#ZZ|...]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
 
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
 +
 +
=== <big><span id="09">0-9</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*4DCT (see [[Time-resolved computed tomography]])
  
 
=== <big><span id="A">A</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="A">A</span></big> ===
  
 
*[[Absolute risk]]
 
*[[Absolute risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Absorbed dose]], D
 +
 +
*[[Absorbed fraction]]
 +
 +
*[[Absorption]]
  
 
*[[Accelerated fractionation]]
 
*[[Accelerated fractionation]]
Line 33: Line 36:
 
*[[Acceptance test]]
 
*[[Acceptance test]]
  
−
*[[Access Control]]
+
*[[Access control]]
  
 
*[[Accountability]]
 
*[[Accountability]]
 +
 +
*[[Accreditation]]
  
 
*[[Action Level]]
 
*[[Action Level]]
 +
 +
*[[Activation]]
 +
 +
*[[Active detection system]]
  
 
*[[Active (red) bone marrow]]
 
*[[Active (red) bone marrow]]
 +
 +
*[[Activity]]
  
 
*[[Activity median thermodynamic diameter]]
 
*[[Activity median thermodynamic diameter]]
  
−
*[[Acute Exposure]]
+
*[[Acute exposure]]
  
−
*Acute radiation sickness (see *[[Acute radiation syndrome]])
+
*Acute radiation sickness (see [[Acute radiation syndrome]])
  
 
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]
 
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]
 +
 +
*[[Additional dose]]
  
 
*[[Adaptive response]]
 
*[[Adaptive response]]
  
 
*[[Additive risk projection model]]
 
*[[Additive risk projection model]]
 +
 +
*[[Adenoma]]
  
 
*[[Adventitious]]
 
*[[Adventitious]]
  
−
*[[Adventitious Source]]
+
*[[Adventitious source]]
  
 
*[[Aerodynamic diameter ]]
 
*[[Aerodynamic diameter ]]
  
−
*[[Air-kerma rate constant ]]
+
*[[Air-kerma rate constant]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]]
  
 
*[[Air-kerma, entrance surface]]
 
*[[Air-kerma, entrance surface]]
Line 66: Line 83:
  
 
*[[Air-kerma, product]]
 
*[[Air-kerma, product]]
 +
 +
*[[ALARA]]
 +
 +
*ALI (see [[Annual limit on intake]])
  
 
*[[Alimentary tract]]
 
*[[Alimentary tract]]
  
 
*[[Alimentary tract transfer factor]]
 
*[[Alimentary tract transfer factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Allometry]]
  
 
*[[Alpha decay]]
 
*[[Alpha decay]]
  
−
*[[α/β ratio]]
+
*[[Alveolar-interstitial region]]
  
−
*[[Alveolar-interstitial region]]
+
*AMAD (see [[Activity median aerodynamic diameter]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Ambient dose equivalent]], H*(10)
 +
 
 +
*[[AML/eto]]
  
 
*[[Angiogenesis]]
 
*[[Angiogenesis]]
Line 82: Line 109:
  
 
*[[Annual dose]]
 
*[[Annual dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Annual intake]]
 +
 +
*[[Annual limit on intake]]
 +
 +
*[[Apoptosis]]
  
 
*[[Area monitoring]]
 
*[[Area monitoring]]
Line 91: Line 124:
 
*[[Auger transition]]
 
*[[Auger transition]]
  
−
*[[Authorised Discharge]]
+
*[[Authorised discharge]]
  
 
*[[Authorization]]
 
*[[Authorization]]
Line 98: Line 131:
  
 
*[[Autoimmune disease]]
 
*[[Autoimmune disease]]
 +
 +
*[[Automatic exposure control]]
  
 
*[[Autonomy]]
 
*[[Autonomy]]
Line 107: Line 142:
 
*[[Background dose (rate)]]
 
*[[Background dose (rate)]]
  
−
*[[Backscatter Factor ]]
+
*[[Backscatter detection system]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Backscatter factor]]
  
 
*[[Basal cell]]
 
*[[Basal cell]]
  
 
*[[Baseline disease rates]]
 
*[[Baseline disease rates]]
 +
 +
*BAT (see [[Best available techniques]])
 +
 +
*Bcr/abl (see [[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]])
  
 
*[[Beneficence]]
 
*[[Beneficence]]
Line 117: Line 158:
 
*[[Benthic]]
 
*[[Benthic]]
  
−
*[[Best Available Techniques]]
+
*[[Best available techniques]]
  
 
*[[Beta-minus decay]]
 
*[[Beta-minus decay]]
Line 124: Line 165:
  
 
*[[Bioassay]]
 
*[[Bioassay]]
 +
 +
*[[Biological half-life]]
  
 
*[[Biomarker]]
 
*[[Biomarker]]
Line 134: Line 177:
  
 
*[[Bradycardia]]
 
*[[Bradycardia]]
 +
 +
*[[Brachytherapy]]
  
 
*[[Branching fraction]]
 
*[[Branching fraction]]
 +
 +
*[[Bragg peak]]
 +
 +
*[[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]]
 +
 +
*[[Broad beam therapy irradiation technique]]
  
 
*[[Bronchial region]]
 
*[[Bronchial region]]
 +
 +
*[[Bronchiolar region]]
  
 
*[[Bystander effect]]
 
*[[Bystander effect]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="C">C</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="C">C</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*CACA (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 +
 +
*CAFC (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 +
 +
*CBCT (see [[Cone beam computed tomography]])
  
 
*[[Cardiac arrhythmias]]
 
*[[Cardiac arrhythmias]]
Line 150: Line 209:
  
 
*[[Cardioverter-defibrillator]]
 
*[[Cardioverter-defibrillator]]
 +
 +
*[[Carers and comforters]]
  
 
*[[Case–control study]]
 
*[[Case–control study]]
  
 
*[[Cell death]]
 
*[[Cell death]]
 +
 +
*[[Charged-particle equilibrium]]
  
 
*[[Chronic exposure]]
 
*[[Chronic exposure]]
Line 162: Line 225:
  
 
*[[Class SR-2 gases]]
 
*[[Class SR-2 gases]]
 +
 +
*[[Clearance]]
  
 
*[[Clearance level]]
 
*[[Clearance level]]
 +
 +
*[[Clinical audit]]
  
 
*[[Clonogenic cells]]
 
*[[Clonogenic cells]]
  
 
*[[Clonogenic survival]]
 
*[[Clonogenic survival]]
 +
 +
*[[Clonogenic surviving fraction]]
 +
 +
*Cobblestone area cell assay (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 +
 +
*[[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]]
 +
 +
*[[Collective dose]]
  
 
*[[Co-expertise]]
 
*[[Co-expertise]]
  
 
*[[Cohort study]]
 
*[[Cohort study]]
 +
 +
*[[Collective dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Collective effective dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Collimation]]
  
 
*[[Colony]]
 
*[[Colony]]
 +
 +
*[[Commissioning]]
  
 
*[[Committed effective dose]]
 
*[[Committed effective dose]]
  
 
*[[Committed equivalent dose]]
 
*[[Committed equivalent dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Compartment]]
 +
 +
*[[Compartment (environmental)]]
  
 
*[[Complex tissues]]
 
*[[Complex tissues]]
  
 
*[[Computed tomography dose index]]
 
*[[Computed tomography dose index]]
 +
 +
*[[Concentration ratio]]
 +
 +
*[[Cone beam computed tomography]]
  
 
*[[Connective tissue]]
 
*[[Connective tissue]]
Line 188: Line 279:
  
 
*[[Constancy test]]
 
*[[Constancy test]]
 +
 +
*[[Containment]]
  
 
*[[Contamination]]
 
*[[Contamination]]
  
 
*[[Coronary heart disease]]
 
*[[Coronary heart disease]]
 +
 +
*[[Cosmic radiation]]
  
 
*[[Cost-benefit analysis]]
 
*[[Cost-benefit analysis]]
  
 
*[[Coster-Kronig transition]]
 
*[[Coster-Kronig transition]]
 +
 +
*CR (see [[Concentration ratio]])
 +
 +
*[[Cross section]]
 +
 +
*Cumulative air kerma (see [[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]])
 +
 +
*[[Cumulative dose]]
  
 
*[[Curie]]
 
*[[Curie]]
Line 203: Line 306:
 
=== <big><span id="D">D</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="D">D</span></big> ===
  
−
*DD (see [[Doubling dose)]])
+
*DAC (see [[Derived air concentration]])
  
−
*DDREF (see [[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor)]])
+
*DBT (see [[Digital breast tomosynthesis]])
 +
 
 +
*DCRL (see [[Derived consideration reference level]])
 +
 
 +
*DD (see [[Doubling dose]])
 +
 
 +
*DDI, detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]])
 +
 
 +
*DIL (see [[Derived investigation level]])
 +
 
 +
*DDREF (see [[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]])
  
 
*[[Decay constant]]
 
*[[Decay constant]]
Line 214: Line 327:
  
 
*[[Decontamination factor]]
 
*[[Decontamination factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Dental and maxillofacial imaging]]
  
 
*[[Deontological Ethics]]
 
*[[Deontological Ethics]]
 +
 +
*[[Deposition]] (inhalation)
 +
 +
*[[Derived air concentration]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived consideration reference level]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived investigation level]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived limit]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived reference level]]
 +
 +
*[[Designated area]]
 +
 +
*Detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]])
 +
 +
*[[Detector quantum efficiency]]
  
 
*[[Deterministic effect]]
 
*[[Deterministic effect]]
Line 222: Line 355:
  
 
*[[Detriment-adjusted risk]]
 
*[[Detriment-adjusted risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Diagnostic reference level]]
  
 
*[[Diastasis]]
 
*[[Diastasis]]
Line 230: Line 365:
  
 
*[[Differentiation]]
 
*[[Differentiation]]
 +
 +
*[[Digital breast tomosynthesis]]
  
 
*[[Dignity]]
 
*[[Dignity]]
  
 
*[[Direct bioassay]]
 
*[[Direct bioassay]]
 +
 +
*[[Directional dose equivalent]] H’(d,Ω)
  
 
*[[Disposal]]
 
*[[Disposal]]
  
−
*[[Disposal Facility]]
+
*[[Disposal facility]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Distribution coefficient]] (''K<sub>d</sub>'')
 +
 
 +
*DLP (see [[Dose-length product]])
  
 
*[[DNA damage signalling]]
 
*[[DNA damage signalling]]
  
−
*[[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor)]]
+
*[[Dose]] (of ionising radiation)
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose coefficient]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose commitment]]
  
 
*[[Dose constraint]]
 
*[[Dose constraint]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose conversion coefficient]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose conversion convention]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose conversion factor]]
  
 
*[[Dose criteria]]
 
*[[Dose criteria]]
  
−
*[[Dose equivalent in an organ or tissue]]
+
*[[Dose equivalent]] in an organ or tissue
  
 
*[[Dose limit]]
 
*[[Dose limit]]
  
−
*[[Dose Modifying Factor]]
+
*[[Dose modifying factor]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose of record (E)]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose of record Hp (10)]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Dose per content function]]
  
 
*[[Dose per unit intake coefficient]]
 
*[[Dose per unit intake coefficient]]
Line 258: Line 419:
  
 
*[[Dose rate effectiveness factor]]
 
*[[Dose rate effectiveness factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose-length product]]
  
 
*[[Dose-threshold hypothesis]]
 
*[[Dose-threshold hypothesis]]
Line 263: Line 426:
 
*[[Dose-rate effect]]
 
*[[Dose-rate effect]]
  
−
*[[Dose–response function ]]
+
*[[Dose-response function]]
  
 
*[[Dose-threshold]]
 
*[[Dose-threshold]]
  
 
*[[Doubling dose]]
 
*[[Doubling dose]]
 +
 +
*DQE (see [[Detector quantum efficiency]])
 +
 +
*DRL (see [[Diagnostic reference level]])
 +
 +
*[[DRL process]]
 +
 +
*[[DRL quantity]]
 +
 +
*[[DRL value]]
 +
 +
*[[DS02]]
 +
 +
*[[DS86]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="E">E</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="E">E</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*EAR (see [[Excess absolute risk]])
  
 
*[[Early normal tissue responses]]
 
*[[Early normal tissue responses]]
Line 280: Line 459:
  
 
*[[Effective charge number]]
 
*[[Effective charge number]]
 +
 +
*[[Effective dose]], E
  
 
*[[Effective dose equivalent]]
 
*[[Effective dose equivalent]]
  
 
*[[Effective half-life]]
 
*[[Effective half-life]]
 +
 +
*EI (see [[Exposure index]])
  
 
*[[Electron-capture decay]]
 
*[[Electron-capture decay]]
Line 291: Line 474:
 
*[[Elemental dose]]
 
*[[Elemental dose]]
  
−
*ELR (see *[[Excess lifetime risk]]
+
*ELR (i.e. Excess Lifetime Risk, see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
 
*[[Emergency]]
 
*[[Emergency]]
Line 302: Line 485:
  
 
*[[Emergency procedures]]
 
*[[Emergency procedures]]
 +
 +
*[[Employer]]
  
 
*[[Endogeneous excretion]]
 
*[[Endogeneous excretion]]
  
−
*[[Epigenetic effects]]
+
*Endosteal tissue (see [[Endosteum]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Endosteum]]  
  
 
*[[Environmental exposure]]
 
*[[Environmental exposure]]
  
 
*[[Environmental radiation protection]]
 
*[[Environmental radiation protection]]
 +
 +
*[[Epigenetic effects]]
  
 
*[[Epithelium]]
 
*[[Epithelium]]
 +
 +
*[[Equieffective dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Equilibrium equivalent concentration]]
 +
 +
*[[Equilibrium factor]]
  
 
*[[Equity]]
 
*[[Equity]]
  
 
*[[Equivalent dose]]
 
*[[Equivalent dose]]
 +
 +
*ERR (see [[Excess relative risk]])
  
 
*[[Erythropoietin]]
 
*[[Erythropoietin]]
  
 
*[[Ethics]]
 
*[[Ethics]]
 +
 +
*[[Evacuation]]
  
 
*[[Excess absolute risk]]
 
*[[Excess absolute risk]]
  
−
*[[Excess lifetime risk]]
+
*Excess lifetime risk (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
 
*[[Excess relative risk]]
 
*[[Excess relative risk]]
  
 
*[[Excretion rate (instantaneous)]]
 
*[[Excretion rate (instantaneous)]]
 +
 +
*[[Exclusion]]
  
 
*[[Exempt waste]]
 
*[[Exempt waste]]
Line 334: Line 535:
  
 
*[[Existing exposure situation]]
 
*[[Existing exposure situation]]
 +
 +
*[[Exogenous excretion]]
 +
 +
*[[Expanded and aligned radiation field]]
 +
 +
*[[Expanded radiation field]]
  
 
*[[Exponential survival curve]]
 
*[[Exponential survival curve]]
 +
 +
*[[Exposed individuals]]
  
 
*[[Exposure, external or internal]]
 
*[[Exposure, external or internal]]
  
−
*[[Exposure Pathway]]
+
*[[Exposure (in the context of inhalation)]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Exposure index]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Exposure pathway]]
  
 
*[[Exposure situation]]
 
*[[Exposure situation]]
Line 352: Line 565:
  
 
*[[Flexible tissues]]
 
*[[Flexible tissues]]
 +
 +
*[[Fluence]], Φ
  
 
*[[Fluoroscopically guided interventions]]
 
*[[Fluoroscopically guided interventions]]
 +
 +
*[[Fluoroscopically or computed tomography guided interventions]]
  
 
*[[Forbiddenness]]
 
*[[Forbiddenness]]
 +
 +
*[[Fractional absorption in the gastrointestinal tract]], f<sub>1</sub>
  
 
*[[Fractionation]]
 
*[[Fractionation]]
 +
 +
*[[Fractionation and dose delivery patterns]]
  
 
*[[Fractionation sensitivity]]
 
*[[Fractionation sensitivity]]
 +
 +
*[[Frequent flyer]]
 +
 +
*FSU (see [[Functional subunits]])
 +
 +
*[[Functional subunits]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="G">G</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="G">G</span></big> ===
Line 368: Line 595:
  
 
*[[Gastrointestinal syndrome]]
 
*[[Gastrointestinal syndrome]]
 +
 +
*[[Gastrulation]]
 +
 +
*[[Gastroschisis]]
 +
 +
*[[GATA binding protein 2]]
 +
 +
*GATA-2 (see [[GATA binding protein 2]])
  
 
*[[Genomic integrity]]
 
*[[Genomic integrity]]
 +
 +
*Geomagnetic cut-off rigidity (see [[Rigidity threshold]])
  
 
*[[Graded approach]]
 
*[[Graded approach]]
 +
 +
*[[Graft vs host disease]]
  
 
*[[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]
 
*[[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]
  
 
*[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]
 
*[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Gray]] (Gy)
 +
 +
*[[Ground-level enhancement]]
 +
 +
*[[Growth factor]]
  
 
*[[Growth fraction]]
 
*[[Growth fraction]]
Line 388: Line 633:
  
 
*[[Half-life, physical]]
 
*[[Half-life, physical]]
 +
 +
*HATM (see [[Human Alimentary Tract Model]])
  
 
*[[Hazard]]
 
*[[Hazard]]
Line 400: Line 647:
  
 
*[[High level waste]]
 
*[[High level waste]]
 +
 +
*[[High linear energy transfer radiation]]
  
 
*[[Homologous recombination]]
 
*[[Homologous recombination]]
Line 405: Line 654:
 
*[[Hormones]]
 
*[[Hormones]]
  
−
*[[Human respiratory tract model]]
+
*[[Hounsfield unit]]
 +
 
 +
*HRTM (see [[Human Respiratory Tract Model]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Human Alimentary Tract Model]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Human Respiratory Tract Model]]
  
 
*[[Hyperbaric oxygen]]
 
*[[Hyperbaric oxygen]]
 +
 +
*[[Hyperfractionation]]
  
 
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
 
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
Line 414: Line 671:
  
 
=== <big><span id="I">I</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="I">I</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[ICRU 4-element tissue]]
 +
 +
*[[ICRU sphere]]
  
 
*[[Immune system]]
 
*[[Immune system]]
 +
 +
*IMRT (see [[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]])
  
 
*[[In vivo radiobioassay]]
 
*[[In vivo radiobioassay]]
Line 435: Line 698:
 
*[[Induced genomic instability]]
 
*[[Induced genomic instability]]
  
−
*[[Informed Consent]]
+
*[[Informed consent]]
  
 
*[[Inhalability]]
 
*[[Inhalability]]
Line 442: Line 705:
  
 
*[[Institutional control]]
 
*[[Institutional control]]
 +
 +
*[[Intervention]]
 +
 +
*[[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]]
 +
 +
*[[Intake]]
  
 
*[[Intermediate level waste]]
 
*[[Intermediate level waste]]
Line 470: Line 739:
  
 
=== <big><span id="K">K</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="K">K</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[Kerma]], K
 +
 +
*[[Kerma approximation]]
  
 
*[[Kp index]]
 
*[[Kp index]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="L">L</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="L">L</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[Lag]]
  
 
*[[Late normal tissue responses]]
 
*[[Late normal tissue responses]]
Line 481: Line 756:
 
*[[LD 50/30|LD<sub>50/30</sub>]]
 
*[[LD 50/30|LD<sub>50/30</sub>]]
  
−
*[[Life span study]]
+
*LET (see [[Linear energy transfer]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Licensee]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Life Span Study]]
  
 
*[[Lifetime risk]]
 
*[[Lifetime risk]]
  
−
*[[Lifetime risk estimate]]
+
*[[Lifetime risk estimates]]
  
 
*[[Limitation of dose]]
 
*[[Limitation of dose]]
Line 492: Line 771:
  
 
*[[Linear dose response]]
 
*[[Linear dose response]]
 +
 +
*[[Linear energy transfer]]
  
 
*[[Linear-non-threshold model]]
 
*[[Linear-non-threshold model]]
  
−
*[[Linear-quadratic dose response]]
+
*[[Linear-quadratic dose response model]]
  
−
*LLE (see [[Loss of Life Expectancy]])
+
*LLE (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
−
*[[Loss of Life Expectancy]]
+
*[[Local DRL]]
 +
 
 +
*Loss of Life Expectancy (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
 
*[[Low Earth orbit]]
 
*[[Low Earth orbit]]
Line 509: Line 792:
 
*[[Low level waste]]
 
*[[Low level waste]]
  
−
*LSS (see [[Life span study]])
+
*[[Low linear energy transfer radiation]]
 +
 
 +
*LSS (see [[Life Span Study]])
  
 
*[[Lymphatic system]]
 
*[[Lymphatic system]]
Line 518: Line 803:
  
 
*[[Magnetosphere]]
 
*[[Magnetosphere]]
 +
 +
*[[Marrow cellularity]]
 +
 +
*[[Mass median diameter]]
 +
 +
*MDCT (see [[Multi-detector computed tomography]])
 +
 +
*[[Mean glandular dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Measured quantity]]
  
 
*[[Medical exposure]]
 
*[[Medical exposure]]
Line 526: Line 821:
  
 
*[[Mitigation]]
 
*[[Mitigation]]
 +
 +
*MMD (see [[Mass median diameter]])
 +
 +
*[[Molecular imaging]]
 +
 +
*[[Multifactorial diseases]]
  
 
*[[Multiplicative risk projection model]]
 
*[[Multiplicative risk projection model]]
Line 532: Line 833:
  
 
*[[Multistage tumorigenesis]]
 
*[[Multistage tumorigenesis]]
 +
 +
*[[Multitarget equation]]
 +
 +
*[[Multi-detector computed tomography]]
  
 
*[[Mutation component]]
 
*[[Mutation component]]
Line 540: Line 845:
  
 
=== <big><span id="N">N</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="N">N</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[National radon survey]]
 +
 +
*[[National DRL]]
  
 
*[[Naturally occurring radioactive material]]
 
*[[Naturally occurring radioactive material]]
Line 550: Line 859:
  
 
*NHEJ (see [[Non-homologous end joining]])
 
*NHEJ (see [[Non-homologous end joining]])
 +
 +
*[[Noise]] (in imaging)
 +
 +
*[[Nominal value]]
  
 
*[[Nominal risk coefficient]]
 
*[[Nominal risk coefficient]]
Line 562: Line 875:
  
 
*[[Normal tissue complication probability]]
 
*[[Normal tissue complication probability]]
 +
 +
*[[Notification value]] (in CT)
 +
 +
*[[Nuclear medicine]]
  
 
*[[Nuclear track detectors]]
 
*[[Nuclear track detectors]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="O">O</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="O">O</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*OAR (see [[Organ at risk]])
 +
 +
*[[Occupancy factor]]
  
 
*[[Occupational exposure]]
 
*[[Occupational exposure]]
 +
 +
*OEA (see [[Oxygen enhancement ratio]])
 +
 +
*[[OLINDA/EXM]]
  
 
*[[Oncogene]]
 
*[[Oncogene]]
 +
 +
*[[Operating management]]
 +
 +
*[[Operational quantity]]
  
 
*[[Optimisation]]
 
*[[Optimisation]]
 +
 +
*[[Optimisation of protection]]
 +
 +
*Organ absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])
 +
 +
*[[Organ at risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Organ dose equivalent]]
 +
 +
*[[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Other (systemic) tissues]]
  
 
*[[Orphan source]]
 
*[[Orphan source]]
  
 
*[[Oversight]]
 
*[[Oversight]]
 +
 +
*[[Oxygen enhancement ratio]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="P">P</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="P">P</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*Particle fluence (see [[Fluence]])
 +
 +
*[[Particle transport]] (in biokinetics)
  
 
*[[Particle radiance]]
 
*[[Particle radiance]]
Line 586: Line 933:
  
 
*[[Pelagic]]
 
*[[Pelagic]]
 +
 +
*[[Pencil beam]]
  
 
*[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]
 
*[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]
  
 
*[[Pericarditis]]
 
*[[Pericarditis]]
 +
 +
*[[Personal dose equivalent]], H<sub>p</sub>(d)
 +
 +
*[[Phantom]]
  
 
*[[Pharynx]]
 
*[[Pharynx]]
 +
 +
*[[Pilomatricoma]]
  
 
*[[Planned exposure situation]]
 
*[[Planned exposure situation]]
Line 602: Line 957:
  
 
*[[Population risk]]
 
*[[Population risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Potential alpha energy concentration]]
  
 
*[[Potential exposure]]
 
*[[Potential exposure]]
 +
 +
*[[Potential recoverability correction factor]]
  
 
*[[Potentially lethal damage repair]]
 
*[[Potentially lethal damage repair]]
  
 
*[[Practical radiological protection culture]]
 
*[[Practical radiological protection culture]]
 +
 +
*[[Practice]]
 +
 +
*PRCF (see [[Potential recoverability correction factor]])
  
 
*[[Prevailing circumstances]]
 
*[[Prevailing circumstances]]
Line 616: Line 979:
  
 
*[[Principle of optimisation]]
 
*[[Principle of optimisation]]
 +
 +
*[[Principles of protection]]
  
 
*[[Procedural values]]
 
*[[Procedural values]]
Line 624: Line 989:
  
 
*[[Projected dose]]
 
*[[Projected dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Protection quantities]]
  
 
*[[Protection strategy]]
 
*[[Protection strategy]]
Line 638: Line 1,005:
  
 
*[[Qualified expert]]
 
*[[Qualified expert]]
 +
 +
*[[Quality control testing]] (x-ray equipment)
 +
 +
*[[Quality factor]], Q(L)
  
 
*[[Quasi-threshold dose]]
 
*[[Quasi-threshold dose]]
Line 645: Line 1,016:
 
*[[Radiation belt]]
 
*[[Radiation belt]]
  
−
*[[Radiation detriment]]
+
*Radiation detriment (see [[Detriment]])
  
 
*[[Radiation modifier]]
 
*[[Radiation modifier]]
Line 653: Line 1,024:
 
*[[Radiation safety officer]]
 
*[[Radiation safety officer]]
  
−
*[[Radiation Source]]
+
*[[Radiation source]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation weighting factor]], w<sub>R</sub>
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation-induced second cancer]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]]
  
 
*[[Radiation worker]]
 
*[[Radiation worker]]
Line 662: Line 1,039:
  
 
*[[Radioactive substance]]
 
*[[Radioactive substance]]
 +
 +
*[[Radioactive waste]]
  
 
*[[Radioactivity]]
 
*[[Radioactivity]]
Line 669: Line 1,048:
 
*[[Radiographer]]
 
*[[Radiographer]]
  
−
*[[Radiological Controlled Area]]
+
*[[Radiological attack]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiological controlled area]]
  
 
*[[Radiological protection principles]]
 
*[[Radiological protection principles]]
Line 681: Line 1,062:
 
*[[Radiosensitivity, cellular]]
 
*[[Radiosensitivity, cellular]]
  
−
*RBE (see [[Relative biological effectiveness]])
+
*[[Radon progeny]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Radon-prone area]]
  
 
*RAP (see [[Reference Animal and Plant]])
 
*RAP (see [[Reference Animal and Plant]])
 +
 +
*[[Ras]]
 +
 +
*[[Rb]]
 +
 +
*RBE (see [[Relative biological effectiveness]])
  
 
*[[Reactive oxygen species]]
 
*[[Reactive oxygen species]]
Line 694: Line 1,083:
  
 
*[[Recovery (cellular or tissue)]]
 
*[[Recovery (cellular or tissue)]]
 +
 +
*[[Redox]]
 +
 +
*[[Reference air kerma]]
  
 
*[[Reference Animal and Plant]]
 
*[[Reference Animal and Plant]]
Line 700: Line 1,093:
  
 
*[[Reference biokinetic model]]
 
*[[Reference biokinetic model]]
 +
 +
*[[Referrer]]
 +
 +
*Reference female (see [[Reference Person]])
 +
 +
*[[Reference individual]]
  
 
*[[Reference level]]
 
*[[Reference level]]
  
−
*REID (see [[Risk of exposure-induced death]])
+
*Reference male (see [[Reference Person]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference parameter value]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference Person]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference phantom]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference value]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference worker]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Region]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Regional diagnostic reference levels]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Registry]]
 +
 
 +
*REID (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Rigidity threshold]]
  
 
*[[Rehabilitation of living conditions]]
 
*[[Rehabilitation of living conditions]]
Line 712: Line 1,131:
  
 
*[[Relative risk]]
 
*[[Relative risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Relative survival]]
  
 
*[[Relocation]]
 
*[[Relocation]]
Line 730: Line 1,151:
  
 
*[[Respiratory protection]]
 
*[[Respiratory protection]]
 +
 +
*Response function (see [[Dose-response function]])
  
 
*[[Retrievability]]
 
*[[Retrievability]]
Line 749: Line 1,172:
 
*[[Risk model]]
 
*[[Risk model]]
  
−
*[[Risk of exposure-induced death]]
+
*RISM (see [[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]])
 +
 
 +
*Risk of exposure-induced death (see (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
 
*ROS (see [[Reactive oxygen species]])
 
*ROS (see [[Reactive oxygen species]])
Line 758: Line 1,183:
  
 
=== <big><span id="S">S</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="S">S</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[S coefficient (radiation weighted)]]
 +
 +
*SAF (see [[Specific absorbed fraction]])
  
 
*[[Safety case]]
 
*[[Safety case]]
 +
 +
*[[Safety]]
  
 
*[[Safety culture]]
 
*[[Safety culture]]
  
 
*[[Scintigraphy]]
 
*[[Scintigraphy]]
 +
 +
*[[Sealed source]]
 +
 +
*[[Secondary radiation]]
 +
 +
*[[Secretory cells]]
 +
 +
*[[Security]]
 +
 +
*[[Security screening]]
 +
 +
*SEE (see [[Specific effective energy]]]
  
 
*[[Self-help protection]]
 
*[[Self-help protection]]
Line 770: Line 1,213:
  
 
*[[Severe deterministic injury]]
 
*[[Severe deterministic injury]]
 +
 +
*[[Sheltering]]
 +
 +
*[[Shielding]]
 +
 +
*[[Sievert]] (Sv)
 +
 +
*[[Size-specific dose estimate]]
  
 
*SLDR (see [[Sublethal damage repair]])
 
*SLDR (see [[Sublethal damage repair]])
 +
 +
*[[Slice]] (in CT & CBCT)
  
 
*[[Slow repair]]
 
*[[Slow repair]]
 +
 +
*SOBP (see [[Spread-out Bragg peak]])
  
 
*[[Solar cosmic radiation]]
 
*[[Solar cosmic radiation]]
  
 
*[[Solar cycle]]
 
*[[Solar cycle]]
 +
 +
*[[Solar flare]]
  
 
*[[Solar particle event]]
 
*[[Solar particle event]]
Line 784: Line 1,241:
  
 
*[[Somatic effect]]
 
*[[Somatic effect]]
 +
 +
*Source (see [[Radiation source]])
 +
 +
*[[Source region]]
  
 
*[[Source term]]
 
*[[Source term]]
  
 
*[[Source-related]]
 
*[[Source-related]]
 +
 +
*[[Source-related assessment]]
  
 
*[[South Atlantic anomaly]]  
 
*[[South Atlantic anomaly]]  
  
 
*[[Special (non-routine) monitoring]]
 
*[[Special (non-routine) monitoring]]
 +
 +
*[[Specific absorbed fraction]]
 +
 +
*[[Specific effective energy]]
 +
 +
*[[Spongiosa]]
  
 
*[[Spontaneous fission]]
 
*[[Spontaneous fission]]
 +
 +
*[[Spread-out Bragg peak]]
  
 
*[[Stakeholder]]
 
*[[Stakeholder]]
 +
 +
*[[Standard-size adult]]
 +
 +
*[[Stem cell]]
  
 
*[[Stenosis]]
 
*[[Stenosis]]
Line 809: Line 1,284:
 
*[[Substantial radiation dose level]]
 
*[[Substantial radiation dose level]]
  
−
*[[Supervised Area]]
+
*[[Superposition principle]] (in dosimetry)
 +
 
 +
*[[Supervised area]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Surface contamination]]
  
 
*[[Systemic model]]
 
*[[Systemic model]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="T">T</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="T">T</span></big> ===
−
 
  
 
*[[Tachycardia]]
 
*[[Tachycardia]]
Line 825: Line 1,303:
  
 
*[[Telangiectasia]]
 
*[[Telangiectasia]]
 +
 +
*[[Teratocarcinoma]]
 +
 +
*[[Thermodynamic diameter]]
 +
 +
*[[Thoracic airways]]
  
 
*[[Threshold dose for tissue reactions]]
 
*[[Threshold dose for tissue reactions]]
 +
 +
*[[Threshold level]]
 +
 +
*Tissue absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])
 +
 +
*[[Thoron progeny]]
  
 
*[[Thyroid blocking]]
 
*[[Thyroid blocking]]
  
 
*[[Time factor]]
 
*[[Time factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Time-resolved computed tomography]]
  
 
*[[Tissue equivalent material]]
 
*[[Tissue equivalent material]]
Line 839: Line 1,331:
  
 
*[[Tolerability]]
 
*[[Tolerability]]
 +
 +
*[[Tolerance dose]] (in Radiotherapy)
  
 
*[[Track structure]]
 
*[[Track structure]]
Line 853: Line 1,347:
  
 
*[[Translocation]]
 
*[[Translocation]]
 +
 +
*[[Transmission detection system]]
  
 
*[[Transparency]]
 
*[[Transparency]]
 +
 +
*Transport of risk (see [[Transfer of risk]])
  
 
*[[Tumour suppressor gene]]
 
*[[Tumour suppressor gene]]
  
 
*[[Trapped particles]]
 
*[[Trapped particles]]
 +
 +
*[[Treatment preparation in radiotherapy]]
 +
 +
*[[Trophic level]]
  
 
*[[Types of materials]]
 
*[[Types of materials]]
 +
 +
*[[Typical value]] (for DRL)
  
 
=== <big><span id="U">U</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="U">U</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[Unattached fraction]]
  
 
*[[Unsealed source]]
 
*[[Unsealed source]]
 +
 +
*[[Upper reference levels]]
 +
 +
*[[Uptake]]
  
 
*[[Utilitarian ethics]]
 
*[[Utilitarian ethics]]
Line 875: Line 1,385:
  
 
*[[Virtue ethics]]
 
*[[Virtue ethics]]
 +
 +
*[[Voxel phantom]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="W">W</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="W">W</span></big> ===
  
 
*[[Waste disposal]]
 
*[[Waste disposal]]
 +
 +
*[[Waste management]]
  
 
*[[Wisdom]]
 
*[[Wisdom]]
 +
 +
*WL (see [[Working level]])
 +
 +
*WLM (see [[Working level month]])
 +
 +
*[[Worker]]
 +
 +
*[[Working level]]
 +
 +
*[[Working level month]]
 +
 +
*w<sub>T</sub> (see [[Tissue weighting factor]])
 +
 +
*w<sub>R</sub> (see [[Radiation weighting factor]])
  
 
=== <big><span id="X">X</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="X">X</span></big> ===
Line 894: Line 1,422:
 
=== <big><span id="ZZ">...</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="ZZ">...</span></big> ===
  
 +
*[[α/β value]]
  
−
*[[α/β value]]
+
*α/β ratio (see [[α/β value]])
  
 
*[[γH2AX foci]]
 
*[[γH2AX foci]]
  
 
<div>
 
<div>

Latest revision as of 14:37, 3 October 2021

Glossary Header-left2.png

The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. Some entries include historical descriptions to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.

It is a living document, updated regularly.

Many ICRP publications feature their own glossaries including, for example, highly specialized terms relevant to that specific publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing new terms to be added to the ICRP Glossary.

Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in ICRP publications.

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