Difference between revisions of "ICRP Glossary"

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__NOTOC__
 
__NOTOC__
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[[File:Glossary Header-left2.png|800px|frameless|left|link=ICRP Glossary]]
+
[[File:Glossary Header-left2.png|800px|frameless|none|link=ICRP Glossary]]
  
 +
The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. Some entries include historical descriptions to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.
  
 +
It is a living document, updated regularly.
  
 +
Many ICRP publications feature their own glossaries including, for example, highly specialized terms relevant to that specific publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing new terms to be added to the ICRP Glossary.
  
−
 
+
Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in [[ICRP publications]].
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. It is a living document, updated regularly. Each entry shows the date it was last updated, and some include past glossary entries to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.
 
−
 
 
−
Many ICRP publications have included their own glossaries. The ICRP Glossary includes most of the terms in these other glossaries, many with updated entries. ICRP publications will continue to have their own glossaries when necessary, for example for highly specialized terms relevant to a single publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing a new term which would also be added to the ICRP Glossary.
 
−
 
 
−
Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in ICRP publications.
 
−
 
 
−
The ICRP Glossary shown here comprises some 400 terms. Entries for an additional approximately 400 terms are being added progressively.
 
  
 
----
 
----
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[#A|A]] || [[#B|B]]  || [[#C|C]]|| [[#D|D]] || [[#E|E]] || [[#F|F]] || [[#G|G]] || [[#H|H]] || [[#I|I]] || [[#J|J]] || [[#K|K]] || [[#L|L]] || [[#M|M]] ||[[#N|N]] || [[#O|O]] || [[#P|P]] || [[#Q|Q]] || [[#R|R]] || [[#S|S]] || [[#T|T]] || [[#U|U]] || [[#V|V]] || [[#W|W]] || [[#X|X]] || [[#Y|Y]] || [[#Z|Z]] || [[#ZZ|...]]
+
| [[#09|0-9]] || [[#A|A]] || [[#B|B]]  || [[#C|C]]|| [[#D|D]] || [[#E|E]] || [[#F|F]] || [[#G|G]] || [[#H|H]] || [[#I|I]] || [[#J|J]] || [[#K|K]] || [[#L|L]] || [[#M|M]] ||[[#N|N]] || [[#O|O]] || [[#P|P]] || [[#Q|Q]] || [[#R|R]] || [[#S|S]] || [[#T|T]] || [[#U|U]] || [[#V|V]] || [[#W|W]] || [[#X|X]] || [[#Y|Y]] || [[#Z|Z]] || [[#ZZ|...]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
 
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
 +
 +
=== <big><span id="09">0-9</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*4DCT (see [[Time-resolved computed tomography]])
  
 
=== <big><span id="A">A</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="A">A</span></big> ===
  
 
*[[Absolute risk]]
 
*[[Absolute risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Absorbed dose]], D
 +
 +
*[[Absorbed fraction]]
 +
 +
*[[Absorption]]
  
 
*[[Accelerated fractionation]]
 
*[[Accelerated fractionation]]
Line 36: Line 39:
  
 
*[[Accountability]]
 
*[[Accountability]]
 +
 +
*[[Accreditation]]
  
 
*[[Action Level]]
 
*[[Action Level]]
 +
 +
*[[Activation]]
 +
 +
*[[Active detection system]]
  
 
*[[Active (red) bone marrow]]
 
*[[Active (red) bone marrow]]
 +
 +
*[[Activity]]
  
 
*[[Activity median thermodynamic diameter]]
 
*[[Activity median thermodynamic diameter]]
Line 45: Line 56:
 
*[[Acute exposure]]
 
*[[Acute exposure]]
  
−
*Acute radiation sickness (see *[[Acute radiation syndrome]])
+
*Acute radiation sickness (see [[Acute radiation syndrome]])
  
 
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]
 
*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]
 +
 +
*[[Additional dose]]
  
 
*[[Adaptive response]]
 
*[[Adaptive response]]
  
 
*[[Additive risk projection model]]
 
*[[Additive risk projection model]]
 +
 +
*[[Adenoma]]
  
 
*[[Adventitious]]
 
*[[Adventitious]]
Line 59: Line 74:
 
*[[Aerodynamic diameter ]]
 
*[[Aerodynamic diameter ]]
  
−
*[[Air-kerma rate constant ]]
+
*[[Air-kerma rate constant]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]]
  
 
*[[Air-kerma, entrance surface]]
 
*[[Air-kerma, entrance surface]]
Line 66: Line 83:
  
 
*[[Air-kerma, product]]
 
*[[Air-kerma, product]]
 +
 +
*[[ALARA]]
 +
 +
*ALI (see [[Annual limit on intake]])
  
 
*[[Alimentary tract]]
 
*[[Alimentary tract]]
  
 
*[[Alimentary tract transfer factor]]
 
*[[Alimentary tract transfer factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Allometry]]
  
 
*[[Alpha decay]]
 
*[[Alpha decay]]
  
 
*[[Alveolar-interstitial region]]
 
*[[Alveolar-interstitial region]]
 +
 +
*AMAD (see [[Activity median aerodynamic diameter]])
 +
 +
*[[Ambient dose equivalent]], H*(10)
 +
 +
*[[AML/eto]]
  
 
*[[Angiogenesis]]
 
*[[Angiogenesis]]
Line 80: Line 109:
  
 
*[[Annual dose]]
 
*[[Annual dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Annual intake]]
 +
 +
*[[Annual limit on intake]]
 +
 +
*[[Apoptosis]]
  
 
*[[Area monitoring]]
 
*[[Area monitoring]]
Line 96: Line 131:
  
 
*[[Autoimmune disease]]
 
*[[Autoimmune disease]]
 +
 +
*[[Automatic exposure control]]
  
 
*[[Autonomy]]
 
*[[Autonomy]]
Line 104: Line 141:
  
 
*[[Background dose (rate)]]
 
*[[Background dose (rate)]]
 +
 +
*[[Backscatter detection system]]
  
 
*[[Backscatter factor]]
 
*[[Backscatter factor]]
Line 112: Line 151:
  
 
*BAT (see [[Best available techniques]])
 
*BAT (see [[Best available techniques]])
 +
 +
*Bcr/abl (see [[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]])
  
 
*[[Beneficence]]
 
*[[Beneficence]]
Line 124: Line 165:
  
 
*[[Bioassay]]
 
*[[Bioassay]]
 +
 +
*[[Biological half-life]]
  
 
*[[Biomarker]]
 
*[[Biomarker]]
Line 134: Line 177:
  
 
*[[Bradycardia]]
 
*[[Bradycardia]]
 +
 +
*[[Brachytherapy]]
  
 
*[[Branching fraction]]
 
*[[Branching fraction]]
 +
 +
*[[Bragg peak]]
 +
 +
*[[Breakpoint cluster region/abelson]]
 +
 +
*[[Broad beam therapy irradiation technique]]
  
 
*[[Bronchial region]]
 
*[[Bronchial region]]
 +
 +
*[[Bronchiolar region]]
  
 
*[[Bystander effect]]
 
*[[Bystander effect]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="C">C</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="C">C</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*CACA (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 +
 +
*CAFC (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 +
 +
*CBCT (see [[Cone beam computed tomography]])
  
 
*[[Cardiac arrhythmias]]
 
*[[Cardiac arrhythmias]]
Line 150: Line 209:
  
 
*[[Cardioverter-defibrillator]]
 
*[[Cardioverter-defibrillator]]
 +
 +
*[[Carers and comforters]]
  
 
*[[Case–control study]]
 
*[[Case–control study]]
  
 
*[[Cell death]]
 
*[[Cell death]]
 +
 +
*[[Charged-particle equilibrium]]
  
 
*[[Chronic exposure]]
 
*[[Chronic exposure]]
Line 162: Line 225:
  
 
*[[Class SR-2 gases]]
 
*[[Class SR-2 gases]]
 +
 +
*[[Clearance]]
  
 
*[[Clearance level]]
 
*[[Clearance level]]
 +
 +
*[[Clinical audit]]
  
 
*[[Clonogenic cells]]
 
*[[Clonogenic cells]]
  
 
*[[Clonogenic survival]]
 
*[[Clonogenic survival]]
 +
 +
*[[Clonogenic surviving fraction]]
 +
 +
*Cobblestone area cell assay (see [[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]])
 +
 +
*[[Cobblestone area forming cell assay]]
 +
 +
*[[Collective dose]]
  
 
*[[Co-expertise]]
 
*[[Co-expertise]]
  
 
*[[Cohort study]]
 
*[[Cohort study]]
 +
 +
*[[Collective dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Collective effective dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Collimation]]
  
 
*[[Colony]]
 
*[[Colony]]
 +
 +
*[[Commissioning]]
  
 
*[[Committed effective dose]]
 
*[[Committed effective dose]]
  
 
*[[Committed equivalent dose]]
 
*[[Committed equivalent dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Compartment]]
 +
 +
*[[Compartment (environmental)]]
  
 
*[[Complex tissues]]
 
*[[Complex tissues]]
  
 
*[[Computed tomography dose index]]
 
*[[Computed tomography dose index]]
 +
 +
*[[Concentration ratio]]
 +
 +
*[[Cone beam computed tomography]]
  
 
*[[Connective tissue]]
 
*[[Connective tissue]]
Line 188: Line 279:
  
 
*[[Constancy test]]
 
*[[Constancy test]]
 +
 +
*[[Containment]]
  
 
*[[Contamination]]
 
*[[Contamination]]
  
 
*[[Coronary heart disease]]
 
*[[Coronary heart disease]]
 +
 +
*[[Cosmic radiation]]
  
 
*[[Cost-benefit analysis]]
 
*[[Cost-benefit analysis]]
  
 
*[[Coster-Kronig transition]]
 
*[[Coster-Kronig transition]]
 +
 +
*CR (see [[Concentration ratio]])
 +
 +
*[[Cross section]]
 +
 +
*Cumulative air kerma (see [[Air kerma at the patient entrance reference point]])
 +
 +
*[[Cumulative dose]]
  
 
*[[Curie]]
 
*[[Curie]]
Line 202: Line 305:
  
 
=== <big><span id="D">D</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="D">D</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*DAC (see [[Derived air concentration]])
 +
 +
*DBT (see [[Digital breast tomosynthesis]])
 +
 +
*DCRL (see [[Derived consideration reference level]])
  
 
*DD (see [[Doubling dose]])
 
*DD (see [[Doubling dose]])
 +
 +
*DDI, detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]])
 +
 +
*DIL (see [[Derived investigation level]])
  
 
*DDREF (see [[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]])
 
*DDREF (see [[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]])
Line 214: Line 327:
  
 
*[[Decontamination factor]]
 
*[[Decontamination factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Dental and maxillofacial imaging]]
  
 
*[[Deontological Ethics]]
 
*[[Deontological Ethics]]
 +
 +
*[[Deposition]] (inhalation)
 +
 +
*[[Derived air concentration]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived consideration reference level]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived investigation level]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived limit]]
 +
 +
*[[Derived reference level]]
 +
 +
*[[Designated area]]
 +
 +
*Detector dose indicator (see [[Exposure index]])
 +
 +
*[[Detector quantum efficiency]]
  
 
*[[Deterministic effect]]
 
*[[Deterministic effect]]
Line 222: Line 355:
  
 
*[[Detriment-adjusted risk]]
 
*[[Detriment-adjusted risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Diagnostic reference level]]
  
 
*[[Diastasis]]
 
*[[Diastasis]]
Line 230: Line 365:
  
 
*[[Differentiation]]
 
*[[Differentiation]]
 +
 +
*[[Digital breast tomosynthesis]]
  
 
*[[Dignity]]
 
*[[Dignity]]
  
 
*[[Direct bioassay]]
 
*[[Direct bioassay]]
 +
 +
*[[Directional dose equivalent]] H’(d,Ω)
  
 
*[[Disposal]]
 
*[[Disposal]]
  
 
*[[Disposal facility]]
 
*[[Disposal facility]]
 +
 +
*[[Distribution coefficient]] (''K<sub>d</sub>'')
 +
 +
*DLP (see [[Dose-length product]])
  
 
*[[DNA damage signalling]]
 
*[[DNA damage signalling]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose]] (of ionising radiation)
  
 
*[[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]]
 
*[[Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose coefficient]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose commitment]]
  
 
*[[Dose constraint]]
 
*[[Dose constraint]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose conversion coefficient]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose conversion convention]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose conversion factor]]
  
 
*[[Dose criteria]]
 
*[[Dose criteria]]
  
−
*[[Dose equivalent in an organ or tissue]]
+
*[[Dose equivalent]] in an organ or tissue
  
 
*[[Dose limit]]
 
*[[Dose limit]]
  
 
*[[Dose modifying factor]]
 
*[[Dose modifying factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose of record (E)]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose of record Hp (10)]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose per content function]]
  
 
*[[Dose per unit intake coefficient]]
 
*[[Dose per unit intake coefficient]]
Line 258: Line 419:
  
 
*[[Dose rate effectiveness factor]]
 
*[[Dose rate effectiveness factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Dose-length product]]
  
 
*[[Dose-threshold hypothesis]]
 
*[[Dose-threshold hypothesis]]
Line 263: Line 426:
 
*[[Dose-rate effect]]
 
*[[Dose-rate effect]]
  
−
*[[Dose–response function ]]
+
*[[Dose-response function]]
  
 
*[[Dose-threshold]]
 
*[[Dose-threshold]]
  
 
*[[Doubling dose]]
 
*[[Doubling dose]]
 +
 +
*DQE (see [[Detector quantum efficiency]])
 +
 +
*DRL (see [[Diagnostic reference level]])
 +
 +
*[[DRL process]]
 +
 +
*[[DRL quantity]]
 +
 +
*[[DRL value]]
 +
 +
*[[DS02]]
 +
 +
*[[DS86]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="E">E</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="E">E</span></big> ===
Line 282: Line 459:
  
 
*[[Effective charge number]]
 
*[[Effective charge number]]
 +
 +
*[[Effective dose]], E
  
 
*[[Effective dose equivalent]]
 
*[[Effective dose equivalent]]
  
 
*[[Effective half-life]]
 
*[[Effective half-life]]
 +
 +
*EI (see [[Exposure index]])
  
 
*[[Electron-capture decay]]
 
*[[Electron-capture decay]]
Line 304: Line 485:
  
 
*[[Emergency procedures]]
 
*[[Emergency procedures]]
 +
 +
*[[Employer]]
  
 
*[[Endogeneous excretion]]
 
*[[Endogeneous excretion]]
  
−
*[[Epigenetic effects]]
+
*Endosteal tissue (see [[Endosteum]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Endosteum]]  
  
 
*[[Environmental exposure]]
 
*[[Environmental exposure]]
  
 
*[[Environmental radiation protection]]
 
*[[Environmental radiation protection]]
 +
 +
*[[Epigenetic effects]]
  
 
*[[Epithelium]]
 
*[[Epithelium]]
 +
 +
*[[Equieffective dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Equilibrium equivalent concentration]]
 +
 +
*[[Equilibrium factor]]
  
 
*[[Equity]]
 
*[[Equity]]
Line 324: Line 517:
  
 
*[[Ethics]]
 
*[[Ethics]]
 +
 +
*[[Evacuation]]
  
 
*[[Excess absolute risk]]
 
*[[Excess absolute risk]]
Line 332: Line 527:
  
 
*[[Excretion rate (instantaneous)]]
 
*[[Excretion rate (instantaneous)]]
 +
 +
*[[Exclusion]]
  
 
*[[Exempt waste]]
 
*[[Exempt waste]]
Line 338: Line 535:
  
 
*[[Existing exposure situation]]
 
*[[Existing exposure situation]]
 +
 +
*[[Exogenous excretion]]
 +
 +
*[[Expanded and aligned radiation field]]
 +
 +
*[[Expanded radiation field]]
  
 
*[[Exponential survival curve]]
 
*[[Exponential survival curve]]
 +
 +
*[[Exposed individuals]]
  
 
*[[Exposure, external or internal]]
 
*[[Exposure, external or internal]]
 +
 +
*[[Exposure (in the context of inhalation)]]
 +
 +
*[[Exposure index]]
  
 
*[[Exposure pathway]]
 
*[[Exposure pathway]]
Line 356: Line 565:
  
 
*[[Flexible tissues]]
 
*[[Flexible tissues]]
 +
 +
*[[Fluence]], Φ
  
 
*[[Fluoroscopically guided interventions]]
 
*[[Fluoroscopically guided interventions]]
 +
 +
*[[Fluoroscopically or computed tomography guided interventions]]
  
 
*[[Forbiddenness]]
 
*[[Forbiddenness]]
 +
 +
*[[Fractional absorption in the gastrointestinal tract]], f<sub>1</sub>
  
 
*[[Fractionation]]
 
*[[Fractionation]]
 +
 +
*[[Fractionation and dose delivery patterns]]
  
 
*[[Fractionation sensitivity]]
 
*[[Fractionation sensitivity]]
 +
 +
*[[Frequent flyer]]
 +
 +
*FSU (see [[Functional subunits]])
 +
 +
*[[Functional subunits]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="G">G</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="G">G</span></big> ===
Line 372: Line 595:
  
 
*[[Gastrointestinal syndrome]]
 
*[[Gastrointestinal syndrome]]
 +
 +
*[[Gastrulation]]
 +
 +
*[[Gastroschisis]]
 +
 +
*[[GATA binding protein 2]]
 +
 +
*GATA-2 (see [[GATA binding protein 2]])
  
 
*[[Genomic integrity]]
 
*[[Genomic integrity]]
 +
 +
*Geomagnetic cut-off rigidity (see [[Rigidity threshold]])
  
 
*[[Graded approach]]
 
*[[Graded approach]]
 +
 +
*[[Graft vs host disease]]
  
 
*[[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]
 
*[[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]]
  
 
*[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]
 
*[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Gray]] (Gy)
 +
 +
*[[Ground-level enhancement]]
 +
 +
*[[Growth factor]]
  
 
*[[Growth fraction]]
 
*[[Growth fraction]]
Line 392: Line 633:
  
 
*[[Half-life, physical]]
 
*[[Half-life, physical]]
 +
 +
*HATM (see [[Human Alimentary Tract Model]])
  
 
*[[Hazard]]
 
*[[Hazard]]
Line 404: Line 647:
  
 
*[[High level waste]]
 
*[[High level waste]]
 +
 +
*[[High linear energy transfer radiation]]
  
 
*[[Homologous recombination]]
 
*[[Homologous recombination]]
Line 409: Line 654:
 
*[[Hormones]]
 
*[[Hormones]]
  
−
*[[Human respiratory tract model]]
+
*[[Hounsfield unit]]
 +
 
 +
*HRTM (see [[Human Respiratory Tract Model]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Human Alimentary Tract Model]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Human Respiratory Tract Model]]
  
 
*[[Hyperbaric oxygen]]
 
*[[Hyperbaric oxygen]]
 +
 +
*[[Hyperfractionation]]
  
 
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
 
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
Line 418: Line 671:
  
 
=== <big><span id="I">I</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="I">I</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[ICRU 4-element tissue]]
 +
 +
*[[ICRU sphere]]
  
 
*[[Immune system]]
 
*[[Immune system]]
 +
 +
*IMRT (see [[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]])
  
 
*[[In vivo radiobioassay]]
 
*[[In vivo radiobioassay]]
Line 446: Line 705:
  
 
*[[Institutional control]]
 
*[[Institutional control]]
 +
 +
*[[Intervention]]
 +
 +
*[[Intensity-modulated radiotherapy]]
 +
 +
*[[Intake]]
  
 
*[[Intermediate level waste]]
 
*[[Intermediate level waste]]
Line 474: Line 739:
  
 
=== <big><span id="K">K</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="K">K</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[Kerma]], K
 +
 +
*[[Kerma approximation]]
  
 
*[[Kp index]]
 
*[[Kp index]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="L">L</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="L">L</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[Lag]]
  
 
*[[Late normal tissue responses]]
 
*[[Late normal tissue responses]]
Line 485: Line 756:
 
*[[LD 50/30|LD<sub>50/30</sub>]]
 
*[[LD 50/30|LD<sub>50/30</sub>]]
  
−
*[[Life span study]]
+
*LET (see [[Linear energy transfer]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Licensee]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Life Span Study]]
  
 
*[[Lifetime risk]]
 
*[[Lifetime risk]]
Line 496: Line 771:
  
 
*[[Linear dose response]]
 
*[[Linear dose response]]
 +
 +
*[[Linear energy transfer]]
  
 
*[[Linear-non-threshold model]]
 
*[[Linear-non-threshold model]]
Line 503: Line 780:
 
*LLE (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
 
*LLE (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
−
*[[Loss of Life Expectancy]] (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
+
*[[Local DRL]]
 +
 
 +
*Loss of Life Expectancy (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
 
*[[Low Earth orbit]]
 
*[[Low Earth orbit]]
Line 513: Line 792:
 
*[[Low level waste]]
 
*[[Low level waste]]
  
−
*LSS (see [[Life span study]])
+
*[[Low linear energy transfer radiation]]
 +
 
 +
*LSS (see [[Life Span Study]])
  
 
*[[Lymphatic system]]
 
*[[Lymphatic system]]
Line 522: Line 803:
  
 
*[[Magnetosphere]]
 
*[[Magnetosphere]]
 +
 +
*[[Marrow cellularity]]
 +
 +
*[[Mass median diameter]]
 +
 +
*MDCT (see [[Multi-detector computed tomography]])
 +
 +
*[[Mean glandular dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Measured quantity]]
  
 
*[[Medical exposure]]
 
*[[Medical exposure]]
Line 530: Line 821:
  
 
*[[Mitigation]]
 
*[[Mitigation]]
 +
 +
*MMD (see [[Mass median diameter]])
 +
 +
*[[Molecular imaging]]
 +
 +
*[[Multifactorial diseases]]
  
 
*[[Multiplicative risk projection model]]
 
*[[Multiplicative risk projection model]]
Line 536: Line 833:
  
 
*[[Multistage tumorigenesis]]
 
*[[Multistage tumorigenesis]]
 +
 +
*[[Multitarget equation]]
 +
 +
*[[Multi-detector computed tomography]]
  
 
*[[Mutation component]]
 
*[[Mutation component]]
Line 544: Line 845:
  
 
=== <big><span id="N">N</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="N">N</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[National radon survey]]
 +
 +
*[[National DRL]]
  
 
*[[Naturally occurring radioactive material]]
 
*[[Naturally occurring radioactive material]]
Line 554: Line 859:
  
 
*NHEJ (see [[Non-homologous end joining]])
 
*NHEJ (see [[Non-homologous end joining]])
 +
 +
*[[Noise]] (in imaging)
 +
 +
*[[Nominal value]]
  
 
*[[Nominal risk coefficient]]
 
*[[Nominal risk coefficient]]
Line 566: Line 875:
  
 
*[[Normal tissue complication probability]]
 
*[[Normal tissue complication probability]]
 +
 +
*[[Notification value]] (in CT)
 +
 +
*[[Nuclear medicine]]
  
 
*[[Nuclear track detectors]]
 
*[[Nuclear track detectors]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="O">O</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="O">O</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*OAR (see [[Organ at risk]])
 +
 +
*[[Occupancy factor]]
  
 
*[[Occupational exposure]]
 
*[[Occupational exposure]]
 +
 +
*OEA (see [[Oxygen enhancement ratio]])
 +
 +
*[[OLINDA/EXM]]
  
 
*[[Oncogene]]
 
*[[Oncogene]]
 +
 +
*[[Operating management]]
 +
 +
*[[Operational quantity]]
  
 
*[[Optimisation]]
 
*[[Optimisation]]
 +
 +
*[[Optimisation of protection]]
 +
 +
*Organ absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])
 +
 +
*[[Organ at risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Organ dose equivalent]]
 +
 +
*[[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Other (systemic) tissues]]
  
 
*[[Orphan source]]
 
*[[Orphan source]]
  
 
*[[Oversight]]
 
*[[Oversight]]
 +
 +
*[[Oxygen enhancement ratio]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="P">P</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="P">P</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*Particle fluence (see [[Fluence]])
 +
 +
*[[Particle transport]] (in biokinetics)
  
 
*[[Particle radiance]]
 
*[[Particle radiance]]
Line 590: Line 933:
  
 
*[[Pelagic]]
 
*[[Pelagic]]
 +
 +
*[[Pencil beam]]
  
 
*[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]
 
*[[Percutaneous coronary intervention]]
  
 
*[[Pericarditis]]
 
*[[Pericarditis]]
 +
 +
*[[Personal dose equivalent]], H<sub>p</sub>(d)
 +
 +
*[[Phantom]]
  
 
*[[Pharynx]]
 
*[[Pharynx]]
 +
 +
*[[Pilomatricoma]]
  
 
*[[Planned exposure situation]]
 
*[[Planned exposure situation]]
Line 606: Line 957:
  
 
*[[Population risk]]
 
*[[Population risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Potential alpha energy concentration]]
  
 
*[[Potential exposure]]
 
*[[Potential exposure]]
 +
 +
*[[Potential recoverability correction factor]]
  
 
*[[Potentially lethal damage repair]]
 
*[[Potentially lethal damage repair]]
  
 
*[[Practical radiological protection culture]]
 
*[[Practical radiological protection culture]]
 +
 +
*[[Practice]]
 +
 +
*PRCF (see [[Potential recoverability correction factor]])
  
 
*[[Prevailing circumstances]]
 
*[[Prevailing circumstances]]
Line 620: Line 979:
  
 
*[[Principle of optimisation]]
 
*[[Principle of optimisation]]
 +
 +
*[[Principles of protection]]
  
 
*[[Procedural values]]
 
*[[Procedural values]]
Line 628: Line 989:
  
 
*[[Projected dose]]
 
*[[Projected dose]]
 +
 +
*[[Protection quantities]]
  
 
*[[Protection strategy]]
 
*[[Protection strategy]]
Line 642: Line 1,005:
  
 
*[[Qualified expert]]
 
*[[Qualified expert]]
 +
 +
*[[Quality control testing]] (x-ray equipment)
 +
 +
*[[Quality factor]], Q(L)
  
 
*[[Quasi-threshold dose]]
 
*[[Quasi-threshold dose]]
Line 657: Line 1,024:
 
*[[Radiation safety officer]]
 
*[[Radiation safety officer]]
  
−
*[[Radiation Source]]
+
*[[Radiation source]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation weighting factor]], w<sub>R</sub>
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation-induced second cancer]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]]
  
 
*[[Radiation worker]]
 
*[[Radiation worker]]
Line 666: Line 1,039:
  
 
*[[Radioactive substance]]
 
*[[Radioactive substance]]
 +
 +
*[[Radioactive waste]]
  
 
*[[Radioactivity]]
 
*[[Radioactivity]]
Line 672: Line 1,047:
  
 
*[[Radiographer]]
 
*[[Radiographer]]
 +
 +
*[[Radiological attack]]
  
 
*[[Radiological controlled area]]
 
*[[Radiological controlled area]]
Line 684: Line 1,061:
  
 
*[[Radiosensitivity, cellular]]
 
*[[Radiosensitivity, cellular]]
 +
 +
*[[Radon progeny]]
 +
 +
*[[Radon-prone area]]
  
 
*RAP (see [[Reference Animal and Plant]])
 
*RAP (see [[Reference Animal and Plant]])
 +
 +
*[[Ras]]
 +
 +
*[[Rb]]
  
 
*RBE (see [[Relative biological effectiveness]])
 
*RBE (see [[Relative biological effectiveness]])
Line 698: Line 1,083:
  
 
*[[Recovery (cellular or tissue)]]
 
*[[Recovery (cellular or tissue)]]
 +
 +
*[[Redox]]
 +
 +
*[[Reference air kerma]]
  
 
*[[Reference Animal and Plant]]
 
*[[Reference Animal and Plant]]
Line 704: Line 1,093:
  
 
*[[Reference biokinetic model]]
 
*[[Reference biokinetic model]]
 +
 +
*[[Referrer]]
 +
 +
*Reference female (see [[Reference Person]])
 +
 +
*[[Reference individual]]
  
 
*[[Reference level]]
 
*[[Reference level]]
  
−
*REID (see [[Risk of exposure-induced death]])
+
*Reference male (see [[Reference Person]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference parameter value]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference Person]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference phantom]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference value]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Reference worker]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Region]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Regional diagnostic reference levels]]
 +
 
 +
*[[Registry]]
 +
 
 +
*REID (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
 +
 
 +
*[[Rigidity threshold]]
  
 
*[[Rehabilitation of living conditions]]
 
*[[Rehabilitation of living conditions]]
Line 716: Line 1,131:
  
 
*[[Relative risk]]
 
*[[Relative risk]]
 +
 +
*[[Relative survival]]
  
 
*[[Relocation]]
 
*[[Relocation]]
Line 734: Line 1,151:
  
 
*[[Respiratory protection]]
 
*[[Respiratory protection]]
 +
 +
*Response function (see [[Dose-response function]])
  
 
*[[Retrievability]]
 
*[[Retrievability]]
Line 753: Line 1,172:
 
*[[Risk model]]
 
*[[Risk model]]
  
−
*[[Risk of exposure-induced death]]
+
*RISM (see [[Radiation-induced secondary malignancy]])
 +
 
 +
*Risk of exposure-induced death (see (see [[Lifetime risk estimates]])
  
 
*ROS (see [[Reactive oxygen species]])
 
*ROS (see [[Reactive oxygen species]])
Line 762: Line 1,183:
  
 
=== <big><span id="S">S</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="S">S</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[S coefficient (radiation weighted)]]
 +
 +
*SAF (see [[Specific absorbed fraction]])
  
 
*[[Safety case]]
 
*[[Safety case]]
 +
 +
*[[Safety]]
  
 
*[[Safety culture]]
 
*[[Safety culture]]
  
 
*[[Scintigraphy]]
 
*[[Scintigraphy]]
 +
 +
*[[Sealed source]]
 +
 +
*[[Secondary radiation]]
 +
 +
*[[Secretory cells]]
 +
 +
*[[Security]]
 +
 +
*[[Security screening]]
 +
 +
*SEE (see [[Specific effective energy]]]
  
 
*[[Self-help protection]]
 
*[[Self-help protection]]
Line 774: Line 1,213:
  
 
*[[Severe deterministic injury]]
 
*[[Severe deterministic injury]]
 +
 +
*[[Sheltering]]
 +
 +
*[[Shielding]]
 +
 +
*[[Sievert]] (Sv)
 +
 +
*[[Size-specific dose estimate]]
  
 
*SLDR (see [[Sublethal damage repair]])
 
*SLDR (see [[Sublethal damage repair]])
 +
 +
*[[Slice]] (in CT & CBCT)
  
 
*[[Slow repair]]
 
*[[Slow repair]]
 +
 +
*SOBP (see [[Spread-out Bragg peak]])
  
 
*[[Solar cosmic radiation]]
 
*[[Solar cosmic radiation]]
  
 
*[[Solar cycle]]
 
*[[Solar cycle]]
 +
 +
*[[Solar flare]]
  
 
*[[Solar particle event]]
 
*[[Solar particle event]]
Line 788: Line 1,241:
  
 
*[[Somatic effect]]
 
*[[Somatic effect]]
 +
 +
*Source (see [[Radiation source]])
 +
 +
*[[Source region]]
  
 
*[[Source term]]
 
*[[Source term]]
  
 
*[[Source-related]]
 
*[[Source-related]]
 +
 +
*[[Source-related assessment]]
  
 
*[[South Atlantic anomaly]]  
 
*[[South Atlantic anomaly]]  
  
 
*[[Special (non-routine) monitoring]]
 
*[[Special (non-routine) monitoring]]
 +
 +
*[[Specific absorbed fraction]]
 +
 +
*[[Specific effective energy]]
 +
 +
*[[Spongiosa]]
  
 
*[[Spontaneous fission]]
 
*[[Spontaneous fission]]
 +
 +
*[[Spread-out Bragg peak]]
  
 
*[[Stakeholder]]
 
*[[Stakeholder]]
 +
 +
*[[Standard-size adult]]
 +
 +
*[[Stem cell]]
  
 
*[[Stenosis]]
 
*[[Stenosis]]
Line 812: Line 1,283:
  
 
*[[Substantial radiation dose level]]
 
*[[Substantial radiation dose level]]
 +
 +
*[[Superposition principle]] (in dosimetry)
  
 
*[[Supervised area]]
 
*[[Supervised area]]
 +
 +
*[[Surface contamination]]
  
 
*[[Systemic model]]
 
*[[Systemic model]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="T">T</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="T">T</span></big> ===
−
 
  
 
*[[Tachycardia]]
 
*[[Tachycardia]]
Line 829: Line 1,303:
  
 
*[[Telangiectasia]]
 
*[[Telangiectasia]]
 +
 +
*[[Teratocarcinoma]]
 +
 +
*[[Thermodynamic diameter]]
 +
 +
*[[Thoracic airways]]
  
 
*[[Threshold dose for tissue reactions]]
 
*[[Threshold dose for tissue reactions]]
 +
 +
*[[Threshold level]]
 +
 +
*Tissue absorbed dose (see [[Organ/tissue absorbed dose]])
 +
 +
*[[Thoron progeny]]
  
 
*[[Thyroid blocking]]
 
*[[Thyroid blocking]]
  
 
*[[Time factor]]
 
*[[Time factor]]
 +
 +
*[[Time-resolved computed tomography]]
  
 
*[[Tissue equivalent material]]
 
*[[Tissue equivalent material]]
Line 843: Line 1,331:
  
 
*[[Tolerability]]
 
*[[Tolerability]]
 +
 +
*[[Tolerance dose]] (in Radiotherapy)
  
 
*[[Track structure]]
 
*[[Track structure]]
Line 857: Line 1,347:
  
 
*[[Translocation]]
 
*[[Translocation]]
 +
 +
*[[Transmission detection system]]
  
 
*[[Transparency]]
 
*[[Transparency]]
Line 865: Line 1,357:
  
 
*[[Trapped particles]]
 
*[[Trapped particles]]
 +
 +
*[[Treatment preparation in radiotherapy]]
 +
 +
*[[Trophic level]]
  
 
*[[Types of materials]]
 
*[[Types of materials]]
 +
 +
*[[Typical value]] (for DRL)
  
 
=== <big><span id="U">U</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="U">U</span></big> ===
 +
 +
*[[Unattached fraction]]
  
 
*[[Unsealed source]]
 
*[[Unsealed source]]
 +
 +
*[[Upper reference levels]]
 +
 +
*[[Uptake]]
  
 
*[[Utilitarian ethics]]
 
*[[Utilitarian ethics]]
Line 881: Line 1,385:
  
 
*[[Virtue ethics]]
 
*[[Virtue ethics]]
 +
 +
*[[Voxel phantom]]
  
 
=== <big><span id="W">W</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="W">W</span></big> ===
  
 
*[[Waste disposal]]
 
*[[Waste disposal]]
 +
 +
*[[Waste management]]
  
 
*[[Wisdom]]
 
*[[Wisdom]]
 +
 +
*WL (see [[Working level]])
 +
 +
*WLM (see [[Working level month]])
 +
 +
*[[Worker]]
 +
 +
*[[Working level]]
 +
 +
*[[Working level month]]
  
 
*w<sub>T</sub> (see [[Tissue weighting factor]])
 
*w<sub>T</sub> (see [[Tissue weighting factor]])
Line 903: Line 1,421:
  
 
=== <big><span id="ZZ">...</span></big> ===
 
=== <big><span id="ZZ">...</span></big> ===
−
 
  
 
*[[α/β value]]
 
*[[α/β value]]

Latest revision as of 14:37, 3 October 2021

Glossary Header-left2.png

The ICRP Glossary collects ICRP’s definitive explanations of terms for current use. Some entries include historical descriptions to help readers better understand the term in a particular context.

It is a living document, updated regularly.

Many ICRP publications feature their own glossaries including, for example, highly specialized terms relevant to that specific publication or helpful for a reader to have close at hand, or when introducing new terms to be added to the ICRP Glossary.

Although the ICRP Glossary is not a dictionary, terms already well covered in the Oxford English Dictionary are not included here unless further explanation is needed to understand the way in which these terms are used in ICRP publications.

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